Unit 1- Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What is everything made up of

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

A substance that contains only one sort of atom

Question 3

What is a compound

Answer 3

A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined

Question 4

What is the chemical formula for water

Answer 4

H2O

Question 5

What can compounds be separated into?

Answer 5

Their elements

Question 6

What is a mixture

Answer 6

A substance that consists of two or more elements or compounds which are NOT chemically combined

Question 7

The components in a mixture retain their?

Answer 7

Properties

Question 8

What are the 5 main physical separation processes?🚬💎⚗️🛢🖍

Answer 8

1. Filtration 🚬
2. Crystallisation💎
3. Simple distillation ⚗️
4. Fractional distillation
5. Chromatography 🖍

Question 9

What is filtration? 🚬

Answer 9

The separation of soluble solids from insoluble solids

Eg- salt (soluble) and sand (insoluble)- dissolve the salt in water and filter

Question 10

What is crystallisation?💎

Answer 10

Used to obtain a soluble solid from a solution

Eg salt crystals can be obtained from a solution of salt water

Question 11

Simple distillation is?⚗️

Answer 11

Used to obtain a solvent from a solution

Eg- distillation of water (see required practical)⚗️⚗️⚗️⚗️💧💧💧💧

Question 12

What is fractional distillation?🛢

Answer 12

Used to separate mixtures in which the components have different boiling
Eg- oxygen and nitrogen can be obtained from liquid air because they have different boiling points

Question 13

What is chromatography?🖍🖍🖍🖍

Answer 13

Used to seperate different soluble, coloured components of a mixture
Eg- the different colours added to a fizzy drink

Question 14

Who and when discovered the electron

Answer 14

Thomson in 1898

Question 15

What was the ‘plum pudding’ model by Thomson?🍪

Answer 15

The atom contained tiny, negative electrons surrounded by a sea of positive charge

Question 16

What did the Geiger and Marsden experiment consist of?

Answer 16

They bombarded a thin sheet of gold with alpha particles.

The majority of the particles passed straight through the atoms, but some were deflected.

Question 17

What was the conclusion of the Geiger Marsden experiment ?

Answer 17

The positive charge in an atom must be concentrated in a very small area ie THE NUCLEUS 👁

Question 18

What was the model called after the Geiger and Marsden experiment?

Answer 18

The nuclear model of the atom

Question 19

What did Bohr conclude?

Answer 19

That electrons must orbit the nucleus at specific distances, otherwise they would spiral inwards!🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀

Question 20

Later experiments showed that the nucleus was made up of what

Answer 20

Smaller particles-
Protons +
Neutrons no charge

Question 21

What is the radius of an atom

Answer 21

0.1nm OR 1 x 10-10m

Question 22

What are the relative masses of the subatomic particles

Answer 22

Proton-1
Neutron-1
Electron-0.0005

Question 23

What are the relative charges of the subatomic particles

Answer 23

Proton +1
Neutron 0
Electron -1

Question 24

Atoms have no overall?

Answer 24

CHARGE + -

Question 25

All atoms of the same element have the same?

Answer 25

Number of protons

Question 26

The number of protons in an atom is called the ?

Answer 26

Atomic number

Question 27

What is the mass number?

Answer 27

PROTONS + NEUTRONS

Question 28

The atomic number shows the amount of protons, therefore the amount of ?

Answer 28

Electrons

Question 29

Number of neutrons = ?

Answer 29

MASS NUMBER - ATOMIC NUMBER

Question 30

What is an isotope?

Answer 30

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

IE- same atomic number but a different mass number

Question 31

Elements with the same number of electrons in their outer shell have similar?

Answer 31

Properties

Question 32

Group0=

Answer 32

Nobel gases

Question 33

What is the outer shell of Noble gases like

Answer 33

Full

Question 34

How reactive are the noble gases

Answer 34

Not reactive

Question 35

In noble gases, the boiling point increases as you go down the group this is because?

Answer 35

The atoms get larger, meaning more energy is needed to separate them and turn them into a gas

Question 36

Group 1 =

Answer 36

Alkali metals

Question 37

How many electrons do group one metals have in their outer shell

Answer 37

1

Question 38

Group 1 metals have a low melting and boiling point that decreases as you go down the group
What increases therefore?

Answer 38

The reactivity

Question 39

Why do group 1 become more reactive as they go down the group?

Answer 39

Because the electrons get further away from the nucleus

Question 40

When an alkali metal reacts with water, what is formed

Answer 40

A metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 41

Group 1 metals have a low density so?

Answer 41

Float on water

Question 42

Alkali metals react with non metals to form ?

Answer 42

An ionic compound

Question 43

Group 7=?

Answer 43

Halogens

Question 44

What is a solvent

Answer 44

The liquid in which a solute dissolves

Eg- water in the sea

Question 45

What is a solute

Answer 45

A substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution

Eg the salt in the sea

Question 46

Solution?

Answer 46

The mixture formed when a solute has dissolved in a solvent

Eg sea water

Question 47

What is soluble

Answer 47

A substance that will dissolve

Eg the the salt in water