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AP Human Geography > Unit 4 Chapter 8.3 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Chapter 8.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What area in Spain left its long-standing economic and political significance indelibly imprinted in the urban landscape of Spain?

A

Barcelona

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2
Q

What regions were most likely to seek devolution from the national capital?

A

Those far from the national capital

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3
Q

Regions that supported separatist objectives were usually separated by what?(3)

A

Mountains, deserts, water

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4
Q

What are many islands subjected to?

A

Devolutionary processes

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5
Q

What frequently strengthens devolutionary tendencies?

A

Distance, remoteness, and marginal location

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6
Q

What are two things that happened to islands?

A
  1. Some of the islands became independent, and 2. others were divided during devolution.
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7
Q

Where does the United states face its most serious devolutionary pressures?

A

Islands of Hawai’i

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8
Q

What did the potential geographer Saul Cohen theorizedin 1991?(Hawaii, is a candidate for this status)

A

Political entities situated in border zones between geopolitical powers may become gateway states, absorbing and assimilating diverse cultures and traditions and emerging as new entities, no longer dominated by one or the other.

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9
Q

How can territorial characteristics play a significant role?

A

In starting in sustaining devolution or processes

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10
Q

What can be key ingredients in the devolutionary process?

A

Basic physical-geographic and locational factors

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11
Q

Distance can be compounded by differences in physical geography. What can a feeling of remoteness be fueled by?(3)

A

Isolated in the valley or separated by mountains or a river

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12
Q

What factors can be key ingredients in the devolutionary process?

A

physical-geographic and locational factors

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13
Q

What represents another key component of a state’s internal political geography?

A

The partitioning of state territory into electoral districts

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14
Q

What do electoral geographers examine?

A

How the spatial configuration of electoral districts and the voting patterns that emerge in particular elections reflect and influence social and political affairs.

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15
Q

Do various countries use the same voting systems to elect their governments?

A

No, different voting systems

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16
Q

What was the overall affect of the system that the governments leaders introduced in 1994 South African?

A

Protect, to an extent, the rights of minorities in those regions

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17
Q

Who became one of the worlds leaders in the percent of woman who hold seats in parliament or legislature? Whoo helped?

A

South Soudan, 35 percent, and the African National Congress helped

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18
Q

What do political geographers study?

A

Church affiliation, income level, ethnic background, education attainment, and numerous other social and economic factors to gain an understanding of why voters in a certain region might have voted the way they did

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19
Q

What domain do electorla geographers have the most concrete influence on?

A

The drawing of electorial districts

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20
Q

What determines whose voice is heard in a given place-with impacts on who is elected?

A

Spatial organization on the districts.

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21
Q

What does the United States Constitution establish?

A

A system of territoral representation.

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22
Q

In the Senate how many representatives does the major territorial unit get?

A

Two

23
Q

How are the House of Representatives members elected?

A

Territorality defined districts based on population.

24
Q

What is reapportionment?

A

The process by which districts are moved according to population shifts.

25
Q

What does reapportionment do?

A

Each district encompasses approximately the same number of people.

26
Q

Once reappotionment is complete, what process do individual states go through?

A

Process of redistricting , each following its own system

27
Q

What are the four different forms of boundary disputes?

A

Definitional, Locational, Operational, and Allocational boundary disputes

28
Q

What is definitional boundary disputes?

A

Focuses on the legal language of the boundary agreement

29
Q

What is Locational boundary disputes?

A

Center on the delimitation and possibly the demarcation of the boundary

30
Q

What is Operational boundary disputes?

A

Involves neighbors who differ over the way their border should function

31
Q

What is Allocational boundary disputes?

A

Involves the intersection of natural resources through international borders that are argued and debated on.?

32
Q

Why are certain states powerful, and how do states become powerful?

A

(Rezal Theory) States resemble a biological organism whose life cycle extends from birth through maturity, and ultimately, decline and death?

33
Q

How has the Mackinder’s heartland theory contributed to US “containment” policy and the development of NATO? .

A

Mackinder’s heartland theory contributed to US “containment” policy and the development of NATO by expressing the importance of keeping the Soviets in check, including avoiding the expansion of the Heartland into the Inner Crescent and creating an alliance around the North Atlantic to join the forces of land and sea power against the Heartland.

34
Q

What is the basic concept behind critical politics?

A

Intellectuals of statecraft construct ideas about geographical circumstances and places, these ideas influence and reinforce their political behaviors and policy choices, and then affect what happens and how most people interpret what happens.

35
Q

What is Political world order?

A

Political geographers study geographical world orders, which are the temporary periods of stability in the way international politics is conducted.

36
Q

What is unilateralism?

A

The process of acting, reaching a decision, or espousing a principle unilaterally. The pursuit of or belief in unilateral nuclear disarmament.

37
Q

What are some supranational organizations?

A

Some supranational organizations include: NAFTA, EU, and NATO

38
Q

What is a supranational organization?

A

Its an empty composed of three or more states that forge an association and form an administ

39
Q

What is the Union?

A

The Union is a patchwork of many different ethnic traditions and histories of conflict and competition, and some in Europe express concern over losing traditional state powers.

40
Q

What are the member states of the United Nations?

A

The United Nations member states are the 193 sovereign states that are members of the United Nations and have equal representation in the UN General Assembly.

41
Q

Why is it difficult for Turkey to join the EU?

A

The government of Turkey has long sought to join, but many Greeks are hesitant to support Turkish membership because of the long-standing dispute between Greece and Turkey over Cyprus and a number of islands off the Turkish coast.

42
Q

What is supranationalism?

A

Supranationalism is the idea or practice of separate national governments coming together to form institutions and/or create policies that have authority or jurisdiction over the member nations.

43
Q

Why have some economic associations (like NAFA, ACS, MERCOSUR, ECOWAS, APEC, and CIS) drawn up treaties?

A

Those economic associations have drawn up treaties to reduce treaties to reduce tariffs and import restrictions in order to ease the flow of commerce in regions.

44
Q

Why is the European Union unlike any other supranational organization?

A

First of all, it is not a state, nor an organization of states. Second, the EU is remarkable in it that it has taken a life of its own-with a multifaceted government structure, three capitals, and billions of euros flowing through its coffers. Lastly, they are extending into foreign relations, domestic policies, and military policies, with sovereignty over certain issues moving from the states to the EU.

45
Q

What may be the most serious danger the world faces?

A

Although states provide the territorial foundation from which producers and consumers still operate and they continue to exert considerable regulatory powers, economic globalization makes it ever more difficult for states to control economic relations.

46
Q

What is an example of deterritorialization?

A

Although states provide the territorial foundation from which producers and consumers still operate and they continue to exert considerable regulatory powers, economic globalization makes it ever more difficult for states to control economic relations.

47
Q

What is deterritorialization?

A

The term deterritorialization is sometimes used to describe these processes because globalization, networked communities, and the like undermine the state’s traditional territorial authority.

48
Q

What is reterritorialization?

A

With respect to popular culture, when people within a place start to produce an aspect of popular culture themselves, doing so in the context of their local culture and making it their own.

49
Q

What is an example of reterritorialization?

A

In response to concerns over illegal immigration, some state borders are becoming heavily fortified , and moving across these borders is becoming more difficult.

50
Q

What is a boundary?

A

Is between states, a vertical plane that cuts through the rocks (called the subsoil) and the airspace above, dividing one state from another.

51
Q

How is airspace defined?

A

By the atmosphere above its land area as marked by its boundaries, as well as by what lies beyond, at higher altitudes.

52
Q

What are Physical-political boundaries?

A

Are boundaries that follow an agreed-upon feature in the natural landscape

53
Q

What Are geographical boundaries?

A

Drawing using grid such as longitude and latitude to township and range

AP Human Geography (2 decks)

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