Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Environmental Studies AQA A2 > Unit 4 Chapter 13 - Agriculture > Flashcards

Unit 4 Chapter 13 - Agriculture Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Physical factors such as light, temperature and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Agroecosystem

A

The living organisms, physical processes and their interactions in a farming system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anabolic steroid hormone

A

A female or male hormone used to increase livestock gross growth efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Artificial insemination

A

A form of selective breeding where semen is collected from a chosen male and is inserted artificially into the chosen female to cause her to become pregnant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Production of new organisms using the genetic material from a single individual. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aspect

A

The direction something faces in terms of sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that can capture light or chemical energy from the environment to make high-energy substances such as carbohydrates. They include photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Auxins

A

A group of plant hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

The increase in concentration of a substance in living tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Biomagnification

A

The progressive bioaccumulation of a material along a food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Biota

A

Living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Biotic factors

A

Biological factors such as food, predation and disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

BST

A

Bovine Somatotropin - an animal hormone used to stimulate milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carnivore

A

An organism that gains its food energy from eating other heterotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The greatest population that can be supported sustainably in an area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cellulase

A

An enzyme that can digest the carbohydrate cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cellulose

A

The complex carbohydrate that forms much leaf and wood material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

An autotroph that gains its energy from chemicals such as nitrites and sulphur compounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cloning

A

An artificial form of asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Countryside Stewardship Scheme

A

A scheme where farmers could get grants for a range of activities that benefited the environment or improved amenity value for the public (now closed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Crop rotation

A

The practise of growing a different crop in a field on a cycle of three, four or five years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Crossbreeding

A

Producing offspring by mating parents of two different breeds or varieties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CSS

A

Countryside Stewardship Scheme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Edaphic

A

A factor related to soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Endemic pest
A pest that is normally present
26
Environmental Stewardship Scheme
A scheme where farmers gain grant payment if they gain sufficient points for practises that benefit the environment eg management of hedgerows, ditches, field margins, in-field trees etc
27
Environmentally Sensitive Area
An area in which farmers in selected areas were paid grants for maintaining traditional farming practises that benefited the environment eg maintaining hay meadows, grazing marshes, chalk grasslands (scheme now closed)
28
Epidemic pest
A pest that is not normally a problem but may become a serious pest when the population suddenly increases
29
ESA
Environmentally Sensitive Area
30
ESS
Environmental Stewardship Scheme
31
Ethylene
Chemical that stimulates fruit ripening
32
Eutrophication
The process by which the nutrient level of a water body increases
33
Evapotranspiration
The combined movement of water into the atmosphere from the evaporation from surfaces and transpiration from the stomata of leaves
34
Extensive agriculture
Agriculture where the maximum total yield is achieved by distributing the inputs over the total available area. Inputs per unit area are usually low.
35
F1 hybrid
The first generation of offspring produced by breeding from two distinct true-breeding varieties. All the offspring have the same combinations of characteristics.
36
Food chain
A sequence of organisms arranged to show their feeding relationships and food energy flow: primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer etc
37
Gene pool
The total number of different genes found in all the individuals in a population
38
Genetic engineering
The method of altering an organism's genetic makeup by artificially introducing genes from another organism, often of another species
39
Genetic modification (GM)
The method of altering an organisms genetic makeup by artificially introducing genes from another organism, often of another species
40
Gibberelins
A group of plant hormones
41
GM
Genetic modification
42
Green Revolution
The agricultural changes since the mid 20th century, where high yielding cereal varieties were bred to increase food production, especially of rice and wheat in tropical LEDCs
43
Haber process
A chemical process used to manufacture ammonia from which nitrate fertilisers can be made
44
Herbivore
An animal that only eats plant food eg cows, sheep
45
Heterosis
The hybrid vigour produced by breeding between two organisms that are not closely related
46
Heterotroph
An organism that gets its food energy from other organisms ie all organisms except autotrophs
47
Horizontal gene transfer
The transfer of genetic material between organisms without normal breeding taking place eg the transfer of genes that give pesticide or antibiotic resistance between bacteria
48
Humus
The colloidal material in soil that is the end product of the decomposition of dead organic matter
49
Hybrid
A variety produced by breeding from two different breeds or varieties
50
Hybrid vigour
The good health achieved by breeding between breeds that are not closely related. This reduces the risk of inbreeding and recessive gene diseases
51
Inbreeding
Breeding between closely related individuals that is likely to produce recessive gene problems
52
Insolation
Sunlight landing on a surface
53
Intensive agriculture
Farming where high yields are achieved by using large inputs per unit area
54
IR8
A Green Revolution rice variety
55
Leachate
Drainage liquid containing dissolved materials eg fertilisers
56
Limiting factor
An environmental factor present in insufficient amounts to allow a process to occur at a faster rate eg a nutrient being the limiting factor for plant growth
57
Liposoluble
The property of a substance that allows it to dissolve in lipids
58
Macronutrient
A plant nutrient needed in large amounts: N, P, K.
59
Marshall Plan
A US scheme after the 2nd World War to provide food aid to Europe
60
Micronutrient
A nutrient needed in small amounts
61
Micropropagation
An artificial method of asexual reproduction where plants are grown from small pieces of plant tissue eg pieces of leaf
62
Monoculture
The growth of a single type of crop, usually over a large area
63
Mulch
Material added to the soil surface to inhibit weed growth eg shredded crop waste
64
Omnivore
A organism that eats plant and animal foods eg pigs
65
Organochlorine pesticide
Insecticide group eg DDT, dieldrin, aldrin. Most are now banned or restricted because they are persistent, bioaccumulate and biomagnify.
66
Organophosphate pesticide
Insecticide group eg parathion, malathion. They are not persistant but have high mammalian toxicity.
67
Pasture
An area of land used for grazing livestock
68
Ped
The aggregates of soil particles that give soil its structure and influence its properties eg crumb and platy peds
69
Persistence
A measureof the length of time over which a material breaks down or is lost
70
Pesticide
A chemical that is used to kill pest species: organisms that damage crops, livestock or cause disease.
71
Pheromone
A chemical released by an organism that changes the behaviour of other members of the same species, especially to attract a mate
72
Photoautotroph
An organism that produces high energy food substances using light eg all photosynthetic organisms
73
Pyrethroid pesticide
An insecticide group. They are not persistent and have low mammalian toxicity
74
Quota
A limit set on the number or quantity of items eg milk production (also fish catch)
75
Rumen
The stomach chamber in which bacteria digest cellulose in ruminants eg cattle, sheep and other large herbivores
76
Selective breeding
Producing offspring from particular chosen parents, usually to produce offspring with more desirable characteristics
77
Set Aside Land
Farmland which has been taken out of production and is not cultivated but is kept in a condition where it could be farmed again, for which farmers are paid grants (scheme now closed)
78
Specificity
A measure of the relative toxicity of a substance to different groups of organisms
79
Sustainable
An activity that can be carried out without making life more difficult for people in the future
80
Systemic
A substance that is absorbed and transported throughout an organism eg by sap in plants
81
Tenant farmer
A farmer that rents land from the owner
82
Tillage
The cultivation by turning the soil eg by ploughing
83
Topography
The 3-D shape of the land surface
84
Toxicity
A measure of how poisonous a substance is
85
Transgenics
The process of artificially transferring genetic material from one organism into an individual of another species
86
Transpiration
The loss of water by evaporation from the stomata of leaves
87
Trophic level
A position in a food chain eg primary producer, secondary consumer
88
True-breeding variety
A variety of selectively bred organism where all members are genetically almost identical and produce similar offspring.
89
Tuber
A type of root
90
USLE
Universal Soil Loss Equation
91
Vegetative propagation
Asexual reproduction
92
Zoonose
A microorganism that is carried by livestock which, if transferred to humans causes disease

Environmental Studies AQA A2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions