Unit 4 - Ch. 21: Genomics

Question 1

What is a genome?

Answer 1

The total genetic material of an organism

Question 2

What is genomics?

Answer 2

Molecular analysis of an organism’s entire genome

Question 3

What are molecular markers?

Answer 3

Polymorphic DNA sequences used to map genes or track inheritance

Question 4

What is RFLP?

Answer 4

A type of molecular marker that uses restriction enzymes to create different fragment sizes

Question 5

What are microsatellites?

Answer 5

Short repeated DNA sequences used as PCR-amplified markers (e.g., (CA)n

Question 6

What is an STS (sequence tagged site)?

Answer 6

A specific microsatellite region amplified using PCR

Question 7

What is shotgun sequencing?

Answer 7

A method that sequences many small DNA fragments and assembles them computationally

Question 8

What was the Human Genome Project?

Answer 8

A 13-year effort (1990–2003) to sequence the human genome and develop genome tech

Question 9

What are examples of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies?

Answer 9

Illumina, Pacific Biosciences SMRT, Nanopore

Question 10

What is metagenomics?

Answer 10

Studying genetic material from environmental samples (e.g., soil, water)

Question 11

What is RNA-Seq used for?

Answer 11

Identifying and comparing gene expression across different samples or conditions

Question 12

How does habitat fragmentation affect genetics?

Answer 12

↓ Genetic diversity, ↑ inbreeding, ↓ connectivity between populations

Question 13

What was studied in the Sabatia angularis case?

Answer 13

How land use and soil environment affect population genetics and connectivity