Unit 4 Cells

Question 1

What does ‘Movement’ refer to in the context of MRS GREN?

Answer 1

A change in position or place

Movement is a fundamental characteristic of living organisms.

Question 2

Define ‘Respiration’ as per MRS GREN.

Answer 2

A chemical reaction that uses oxygen to release the energy in glucose (sugar)

Respiration is essential for energy production in cells.

Question 3

What is ‘Sensitivity’ in the MRS GREN framework?

Answer 3

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

Sensitivity allows organisms to adapt to their surroundings.

Question 4

Explain ‘Growth’ as defined in MRS GREN.

Answer 4

A permanent increase in size

Growth can occur through cell division and enlargement.

Question 5

What does ‘Reproduction’ mean in MRS GREN?

Answer 5

Making more of the same organism (same species)

Reproduction can be sexual or asexual.

Question 6

Define ‘Excretion’ in the context of MRS GREN.

Answer 6

The removal of toxic substances and waste products from an organism

Excretion is crucial for maintaining homeostasis.

Question 7

What is ‘Nutrition’ as per MRS GREN?

Answer 7

The process in which nutrients are taken into the body, broken down, and used for growth, maintenance and repair

Nutrition is vital for overall health and energy.

Question 10

What is the term for non-living components of the environment?

Answer 10

Abiotic

Question 11

What does moisture refer to in an ecological context?

Answer 11

Amount of water

Question 12

What is a key factor affecting living organisms related to heat?

Answer 12

Temperature

Question 13

What is the term for the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place?

Answer 13

Weather

Question 14

What does pH of soil indicate?

Answer 14

Acidic or alkaline nature of soil

Question 15

What environmental factor is influenced by the height above sea level?

Answer 15

Altitude

Question 16

What is the term for the amount of visible light that reaches a location?

Answer 16

Amount of sunlight

Question 17

What is the term for the interaction where one organism eats another?

Answer 17

Predation

Question 18

What is the term for organisms competing over resources?

Answer 18

Competition

Question 19

What is the term for when one organism feeds on another while it is alive?

Answer 19

Parasitism

Question 20

What can negatively affect organisms and populations through infection?

Answer 20

Diseases

Question 21

What is the nucleus?

Answer 21

The control centre of the cell that regulates the cell’s other processes and contains the cell’s DNA

It is not the BRAIN of the cell.

Question 22

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 22

Controls what enters and exits the cell; it is a partially permeable membrane

Some things can go through and some can’t.

Question 23

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 23

The site of all reactions in the cell.

Question 24

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 24

Prevents plant cells from bursting and provides structure for plant cells.

Question 25

What is a vacuole?

Answer 25

Storage organelles that hold nutrients or waste products.

Question 26

What is the mitochondrion?

Answer 26

The site of aerobic respiration.

Question 27

What is the chloroplast?

Answer 27

The site of photosynthesis.

Question 28

Which organelle is found in both plant and animal cells?

Answer 28

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondrion ## Footnote Chloroplast is only in plants, while vacuoles are large and permanent in plants but small and temporary in animals.

Question 29

Which organelle is unique to plant cells?

Answer 29

Chloroplast.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the site of aerobic respiration.

Answer 30

mitochondrion

Question 31

True or False: The cell wall is present in both plant and animal cells.

Answer 31

False.

Question 32

What is Aerobic respiration?

Answer 32

It is the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy ## Footnote All cells need to carry out this process as energy is required for all processes that happen in the cell (MRS GREN). This process occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 33

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 33

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) ## Footnote This equation summarizes the reactants and products of aerobic respiration.

Question 34

What is Photosynthesis?

Answer 34

Is where light energy is used to make glucose, it occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Question 35

Why do plants perform Photosynthesis?

Answer 35

Plants are unable to move around to find food, so they need to make it themselves.

Question 36

What role do plants play in food chains on Earth?

Answer 36

All food chains on Earth start with a plant.

Question 37

What are the inputs and outputs of Photosynthesis?

Answer 37

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Photosynthesis occurs in the _______.

Answer 38

[chloroplasts]

Question 39

True or False: Plants are the only organisms on Earth that can perform Photosynthesis.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What are the two membranes associated with chloroplasts?

Answer 40

Outer Membrane and Inner Membrane