Unit 2 Energy

Question 1

What is potential energy?

Answer 1

A stored form of energy

Also referred to as ‘pungao moe’ in some contexts.

Question 2

What does energy conversion refer to?

Answer 2

When one form of energy is transformed into other forms of energy

Question 3

What is temperature?

Answer 3

A measure of how fast the particles that make up a substance are moving

In some contexts, this term is referred to as ‘paemahana’.

Question 4

What is work in terms of energy?

Answer 4

A measure of the energy transfer when an object is moved over a distance

Question 5

What is chemical energy?

Answer 5

Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between atoms in molecules and compounds

Chemical energy is released during a chemical reaction.

Question 6

What generates electrical energy?

Answer 6

Electrical energy is generated by the movement of electrons

This is fundamental to how electricity works in circuits.

Question 7

What creates gravitational energy?

Answer 7

Large objects such as the Earth and the Sun create gravity and gravitational energy

Gravitational energy is related to the position of an object in a gravitational field.

Question 8

What is heat energy also called?

Answer 8

Heat energy is also called thermal energy

It involves atoms, compounds, and molecules moving and vibrating.

Question 9

What is light made up of?

Answer 9

Light is made up from tiny particles called photons

Light is a type of radiant energy.

Question 10

What type of energy does anything that is moving have?

Answer 10

Kinetic energy

This energy is associated with the motion of an object.

Question 11

How is nuclear energy generated?

Answer 11

Nuclear energy can be generated by splitting atoms

This process releases huge amounts of energy.

Question 12

What type of energy is stored in stretchy or springy objects?

Answer 12

Elastic energy

Examples include rubber bands and springs.

Question 13

What causes sound energy?

Answer 13

The vibration of particles causes sound energy

Energy is passed from one particle to the next through vibrations.

Question 14

What is chemical potential energy?

Answer 14

The energy stored in the chemical bonds between the atoms in molecules and compounds.

Examples include the energy in the food we eat and petrol used in vehicles.

Question 15

Give an example of chemical potential energy.

Answer 15

The energy in the food we eat.

This energy is released when we metabolize food.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: Chemical potential energy is changed into other forms when __________ is burned.

Answer 16

magnesium

Question 17

True or False: Chemical potential energy can be found in petrol.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

List two examples of chemical potential energy.

Answer 18

• The energy in the food we eat
• Petrol to make vehicles move

Question 19

What is elastic potential energy?

Answer 19

The energy stored in springs and elastic objects

Examples include a stretched rubber band, a compressed spring, and the string of a bow being pulled back to shoot an arrow.

Question 20

What is the Law of Energy Conservation?

Answer 20

Energy is never destroyed; it is always changed into other forms.

Question 21

How do we represent energy transformations?

Answer 21

Using energy transformation diagrams.

Question 22

What does the size of the arrow in an energy transformation diagram indicate?

Answer 22

How much of the energy is being transformed.

Question 23

What is the unit used to measure energy?

Answer 23

Joules (J).

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Energy is measured using a special unit called _______.

Answer 24

joules (J).

Question 25

What type of energy is represented as 125 J?

Answer 25

Kinetic energy.

Question 26

What type of energy is represented as 150 J?

Answer 26

Sound energy.

Question 27

What type of energy is represented as 100 J?

Answer 27

Electrical energy.

Question 28

What is heat?

Answer 28

Heat is the transfer of energy from one object to another due to a difference in temperature. ## Footnote Heat is often measured in joules or calories.

Question 29

How is temperature defined?

Answer 29

The temperature of an object is determined by how fast its molecules are moving. ## Footnote Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin.

Question 30

What is the relationship between molecular movement and temperature?

Answer 30

The faster the molecules are moving, the higher the temperature. ## Footnote This relationship is fundamental in thermodynamics.

Question 31

True or False: Heat and temperature are the same thing.

Answer 31

False ## Footnote Heat refers to energy transfer, while temperature is a measure of molecular motion.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: Heat is the transfer of energy from one object to another due to a difference in _______.

Answer 32

temperature ## Footnote This difference causes energy flow.

Question 33

What happens to the temperature of an object as its molecular motion increases?

Answer 33

The temperature increases. ## Footnote Increased molecular motion indicates more kinetic energy.

Question 34

What type of objects are considered hot?

Answer 34

Objects that have a high temperature. ## Footnote Hot objects have higher molecular kinetic energy.

Question 35

What is the transfer of energy called when two items are combined or touching each other?

Answer 35

Heat ## Footnote Heat is the energy that is transferred between objects due to a temperature difference.

Question 36

What is the point called where two objects reach the same temperature?

Answer 36

Equilibrium ## Footnote Equilibrium occurs when the heat transfer results in equal temperatures between the objects.

Question 37

In the process of heat transfer, what happens to the molecules in the hotter object?

Answer 37

They will slow down ## Footnote The slowing down of molecules in the hotter object corresponds to a decrease in temperature.

Question 38

In the process of heat transfer, what happens to the molecules in the colder object?

Answer 38

They will speed up ## Footnote The speeding up of molecules in the colder object corresponds to an increase in temperature.

Question 39

What happens to an ice cube when placed in tap water?

Answer 39

The ice cube will become warmer and melt, while the tap water will cool down ## Footnote This is a common example of heat transfer leading to temperature changes.

Question 40

True or False: Heat flows from the colder object to the hotter object.

Answer 40

False ## Footnote Heat always flows from the hotter object to the colder object until equilibrium is reached.