Unit 4: Cell Cycle and Regulation

Question 1

How is genetic material organized?

Answer 1

By: genome -> chromosomes -> chromatin

Question 2

What is the difference between somatic and gamete cells?

Answer 2

Gamete - one set (sex cells)

Somatic - full set

Question 3

How many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 3

46 - 23 from each parent, like knitting

Question 4

What are the events of the cell cycle?

Answer 4

Interphase

M phase

G0 phase; cells can reenter. Nondividing cells can exit or be held in a specific stage.

Question 5

What are the phases of interphase?

Answer 5

G1 - growth & metabolic activities (gets bigger)
S - Replication/copying to make two identical genomes
G2 - Double checks for errors

Question 6

What are the phases of M phase?

Answer 6

Mitosis - nuclear division; nucleus

Cytokinesis - cytoplasmic division; physical

Question 7

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 7

Prophase - nucleus dissolves, chromatin condenses to chromosomes, spindle fibers form

Metaphase - spindle fibers move sister chromatids to metaphase plate

Anaphase - spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart

Telophase - inverse of prophase; two nuclei form, one around each genome, chromosomes decondense, spindle fibers dissolve

Question 8

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 8

The division of the cytoplasm

Question 9

What are differences between cytokinesis in plants and animals?

Answer 9

Plants - form a cell plate that turns into a cell wall

Animals - form cleave furrow via contractile ring

Question 10

What two parts in the cell cycle clock combine?

Answer 10

Cyclin combines with cdk to create MPF which encourages cell growth.