Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle Flashcards
central dogma
flow of genetic info in a cell,
DNA->RNA->Protein->Trait
transcription
copying DNA into RNA
translation
cell makes proteins using RNA
rRNA
ribosomal RNA; combines w proteins to form ribosomes
tRNA
transfer RNA; corrects amino acids during protein synthesis
mRNA
messenger RNA; carries code from DNA to ribosomes
template strand
transcribed DNA strand
coding strand
untranscribed DNA strand
exon
sequence of DNA in mRNA, which encodes the amino acids of a protein
intron
sequence of DNA in between exons that is copied into RNA but is cut out of the final RNA transcript and therefore does not change the amino acid code
mRNA splicing
post transcription; edits out introns
codon
3 nucleotides which form a unit of DNA
operon
genes grouped together with related functions
RNA polymerase
enzyme responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence
promoter
RNA polymerase binding site