Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function (10-13%)

Question 1

as sa:v gets smaller, the cell gets…

Answer 1

bigger

Question 2

cell transport

Answer 2

movement of materials in and out of a cell

Question 3

active transport

Answer 3

requires energy, particles move through a protein against the direction of diffusion / exocytosis, endocytosis, and protein pumps

Question 4

passive transport

Answer 4

occurs spontaneously, particle in high concentration diffuses through a protein / diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion (only done by swocd)

Question 5

diffusion

Answer 5

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Question 6

osmosis

Answer 6

diffusion of water from low to high (hypotonic to hypertonic)

Question 7

hypotonic

Answer 7

concentration of water is higher outside the cell, water will enter cell, cell gets bigger

Question 8

hypertonic

Answer 8

concentration of water is higher inside the cell, water leaves cell, cell gets smaller

Question 9

isotonic

Answer 9

concentration is equal both in and outside the cell, no net movements of water

Question 10

exocytosis

Answer 10

large molecules move out of a cell, membrane never opens

Question 11

endocytosis

Answer 11

transport of substances into the cell using the cell membrane to surround substance
a. phagocytosis: large, solid molecules brought in
b. pinocytosis: small or liquid substances brought in

Question 12

protein pump

Answer 12

atp is used to pump molecules from an area of low to high concentration

Question 13

diffusion

Answer 13

hydrophobic molecules and small uncharged polar molecules can diffuse through the lipid bylayer

Question 14

facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

hydrophilic substances diffuse through membranes with the assistance of transport proteins, channel, or carrier

Question 15

tonicity

Answer 15

the capability of a solution to modify the volume of cells by altering their water content

Question 16

prokaryotic cell

Answer 16

single-celled organisms that have a relatively simple structure

Question 17

eukaryotic animal cell

Answer 17

multicellular, have centrosomes and lysosomes, animal cells do not have a cell wall

Question 18

eukaryotic plant cell

Answer 18

multicellular, they contain chloroplasts and a cell wall

Question 19

nucleus

Answer 19

controls cells activities and builds more cells

Question 20

rough er

Answer 20

produces proteins, involved in protein synthesis

Question 21

smooth er

Answer 21

involved in lipid synthesis, can store enzymes

Question 22

golgi apparatus

Answer 22

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Question 23

mitochondria

Answer 23

produces atp by aerobic respiration

Question 24

chloroplast

Answer 24

gathers energy by photosynthesis

Question 25

ribosomes

Answer 25

translates genetic code in a string of amino acids to form proteins

Question 26

lysosome

Answer 26

rid cells of waste

Question 27

peroxisome

Answer 27

play important roles in metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signaling

Question 28

cytoskeleton

Answer 28

helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization

Question 29

vacuole

Answer 29

help get rid of waste products

Question 30

centrioles

Answer 30

organize microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system