Unit 4 - Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Water + carbon dioxide → glucose + oxygen
6H20 + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic?
Sunlight and heat are needed, so it is endothermic.
What do plants use the glucose (made by photosynthesis) for?
-Respiration
-Converted into starch/fat to store energy
-Making cellulose to produce/strengthen cell walls
-Making amino acids for proteins
How can we increase rate of photosynthesis?
-Increasing temperature (unless enzyme denatures)
-Increasing light intensity
-Increasing CO2 concentration
What is a limiting factor?
A factor preventing photosynthesis from occurring at a faster rate
What is the limiting factor before the graph plateaus?
The x-axis. After is plateaus, one of the other factors must be limiting
Where does respiration take place?
Mitochondria
What is the function of respiration?
Releases energy for:
-Chemical reactions
-Warmth
-Movement
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration - respiration with oxygen
Anaerobic respiration - respiration without oxygen
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 +6O2 → 6H20 + 6CO2
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose → lactic acid + carbon dioxide
What happens as a result of anaerobic respiration?
Oxygen debt, where we circulate more oxygen in order to break down lactic acid into glucose in the liver
What is anaerobic respiration in plants (yeast?)
Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
What do we use anaerobic respiration in yeast (fermentation) for?
The ethanol is used often in alcoholic drinks, with the carbon dioxide used in baking to cause the bread to rise from the bubbles
What happens to our body during exercise?
Heart and breathing rate increase to increase blood flow to supply more oxygen and glucose, allowing the muscles to contract.
What is metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell/organism, e.g.
-Glucose → starch, glycogen and cellulose
-Fatty acids → lipids
-Respiration
-Breakdown of excess proteins → urea
