Unit 4: Behaviors and attitudes

Question 1

what is the definition of attitudes?

Answer 1

Peoples evaluations of almost any aspect of the world
- they may very due to self-interest, influencing intensity, some may be stable and resistant to change or vice versa, and some vary with certainty

Question 2

What are implicit and explicit attitudes?

Answer 2

Explicit- They are conscious and re-portable, easy to measure
-> What I say
Implicit- Less controllable and potentially not consciously accessible
, more difficult to measure
-> What I show
They may not be coherent

Question 3

What is the Implicit Association Test?

Answer 3

computer based assessment to measure implicit attitudes
use reaction time -> easier pairing-> stronger association

Question 4

Advantages of Implicit Association test

Answer 4

• further proof for theory of “dual processing”, controlled vs authomatic
• shows the influence attitudes have
• implicit =better predictive value than explicit attitudes

Question 5

Disadvantages of Implicit Association Tests?

Answer 5

• cant be used to compare individuals
• explicit attitudes interfere, like guilt and compassion
• general knowledge still interferes (stereotype)
• susceptible to faking when aware of attitudes

Question 6

what is social learning and what are the three types?

Answer 6

• acquiring views by social interaction or by observing their behavior
  1) Classical conditioning
  2) Instrumental conditioning
  3) Observational learning

Question 7

What is classical conditioning and which ways can they affect our attitudes?

Answer 7

A neutral stimulus is associated with a natural response
Direct route; positive S paired with object, product is placed with attractive outcomes(positive stimuli)
Indirect route; get a famous endorser to produce pairing between the public figure and the product(repetition)

Question 8

What is subliminal conditioning?

Answer 8

-sub of classical conditioning
- attitudes can be changed thru mere exposure, subconsciously

Question 9

What is the illusion of truth effect?

Answer 9

• sub of classical conditioning
• repetition= sense of familiarity-> more positive attitudes
• merely hearing the repeated message has an effect, no matter the strength of it,
• can be avoided or overcome

Question 10

Instrumental conditioning and attitude formation?

Answer 10

Social media-> reinforcement thru likes and dislikes, belonging in groups, and peer validation
- especially relevant in teen years
- change opinions and how we express them to fit in and receive positive reinforcement

Question 11

Observational learning and attitude formation

Answer 11

social comparison and reference groups
Albert Banduras theory
- behavior, personal factor, environmental factor