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a psych 3/4 > unit 4 aos2 > Flashcards

unit 4 aos2 Flashcards

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1
Q

mental wellbeing

A

an individual’s state of mind, enjoyment of life, and ability to cope with the normal stresses of everyday life and develop to their potential

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2
Q

functioning

A

generally refers to how well an individual independently performs or operates in their environment

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3
Q

Level of functioning corresponds with

A

how adaptively a person is meeting the challenges of living across a range of areas

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4
Q

adaptive behaviour

A

any behaviour that enables the individual to adjust to the environment appropriately and effectively

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5
Q

maladaptive behaviour

A

any behaviour that is counterproductive or otherwise interferes with the individual’s ability to adjust to the environment

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6
Q

resillience

A

the ability to successfully cope with and manage change, uncertainty and adversity, and to ‘bounce back’ and restore positive functioning

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7
Q

social emotional wellbeing - SEWB

A

in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, a holistic, multi-dimension framework that describes and explains physical, social, emotional, spiritual and cultural wellbeing

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8
Q

domains of SEWB (7)

bring me food CCC S

A
  • connection to body and behaviours
  • connection to mind and emotions
  • connection to family and kinships
  • connection to community
  • connection to culture
  • connection to country
  • connection to spirit, spirituality, and ancestors
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9
Q

internal factors

A

an influence on behaviour or mental processes that originates inside or within a person

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10
Q

biological factors

A

involve physiologically determined influences, often not under our control

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11
Q

psychological factors

A

involve all those influences associated with mental processes

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12
Q

external factors

A

an influence on behaviour or mental processes that originates outside a person

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13
Q

stress

A

a psychobiological response produced by internal or external stressors

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14
Q

anxiety

A

a state of arousal involving unpleasant feelings of apprehension or uneasiness that something is wrong or something unpleasant is about to happen
future oriented response

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15
Q

anxiety disorder

A

a group of mental health disorders that are characterised by chronic feelings of worry with an overall negative effect on their lives

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16
Q

phobia

A

a persistent and irrational fear of a particular object, activity or situation, which is strenuously avoided or endured with marked distress

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17
Q

specific phobia

A

an anxiety disorder characterised by marked and persistent fear about a specific object, activity or situation, typically avoided or endured with marked anxiety or distress

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18
Q

panic attack

A

period of sudden onset of intense fear or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom.

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19
Q

anticipatory anxiety

A

worry or apprehension about the possibility of being exposed to a phobic stimulus in the future.

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20
Q

biopsychosocial model

A

a way of describing and explaining how biological, psychological and social factors combine and interact to influence an individual’s behaviour and mental processes

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21
Q

biological factors contributing to phobias

A

GABA dysfunction
long term potentation

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22
Q

psychological factors contributing to phobias

A

classical conditioning
operant conditioning
cognitive biases (memory + catastrophic)

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23
Q

social factors contributing to phobias

A

specific environmental triggers
stigma around seeking treatment

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24
Q

interventions for biological factors

A

short acting GABA agonists
breathing retraining

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25
Q

interventions for psychological factors

A

CBT - cognitive behaviour therapy
systematic desensitisation

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26
Q

interventions for social factors

A

psychoeducation (challenge anxious thoughts, not encourage avoidance)

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27
Q

GABA

A

the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, making postsynaptic neurons less likely to fire

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28
Q

long term potentation

A

the long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission due to repeated strong stimulation

29
Q

role of GABA in anxiety

A

without GABA’s inhibitory effects, activation of post synaptic neurons gets out of control, contributing to seizures. also acts as a calming agent to the excitatory neurotransmitters that contribute to anxiety

30
Q

role of LTP in anxiety

A

LTP at the neural synapse contributes to the development and maintenance of phobias that are experienced based by strengthening the association between a phobic stimulus and a fear/anxiety response

31
Q

GABA agonists

A

drugs that stimulate activity at the site of a postsynaptic neuron where GABA is received from a presynaptic neuron

32
Q

GABA dysfunction

A

failure to produce, release or receive the correct amount of GABA needed to regulate neurotransmission in the brain

33
Q

behaviour models

A

based on the theory that individuals’ actions and behaviours are learned

34
Q

classical conditioning

A

a learning process where an involuntary associated is made between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus that results in a conditioned response

35
Q

operant conditioning

A

a learning process where the consequence of a behaviour determines the likelihood of it being repeated again in the future

36
Q

role of classical conditioning in anxiety

A

precipitation
acquisition of fears through association

37
Q

role of operant conditioning in anxiety

A

perpetuation
strengthens phobia by reinforcing it
B - avoidance C - negative reinforcement

38
Q

cognitive bias

A

a mistaken way of thinking that leads to systematic errors of judgment and faulty decision-making

39
Q

memory bias

A

a type of cognitive bias involving distorting influences of present knowledge and feelings on the recollection of previous experiences
focus on negative instead of positive

40
Q

catastrophic bias

A

cognitive bias which involves overestimating, exaggerating or magnifying an event, activity or situation and predicting the worst possible outcome

41
Q

consistency bias (memory)

A

memories of past experiences are distorted through reconstruction to fit in with what is presently known or believed

42
Q

change bias (memory)

A

whenever we recall a past experience we exaggerate the difference between what we knew or felt then and what we currently know or feel, which can lead our phobic fears to grow over time

43
Q

specific environmental triggers

A

developing a specific phobia after a direct negative experience with an object or situation

44
Q

stigma about seeking treatment

A

embarrassment or shame about symptoms and concerns about being negatively judged by others may discourage people with a phobia from seeking treatment.

45
Q

stigma

A

a sign of social disapproval, often involving shame or disgrace

46
Q

social stigma

A

the negative attitudes and beliefs held in the wider community that lead people to fear, exclude, avoid or unfairly discriminate against people with a disorder

47
Q

self stigma

A

when an individual accepts the negative views and reactions of others, internalises them, and applies them to themself

48
Q

evidence based intervention

A

a treatment that has been found to be effective on the basis of scientific evidence

49
Q

benzodiazepines

A

a group of drugs that work on the central nervous system, acting selectively on GABA receptors in the brain to increase GABA’s inhibitory effects and make postsynaptic neurons resistant to excitation

50
Q

breath retraining

A

in relation to specific phobia, an anxiety management technique that involves teaching correct breathing habits

51
Q

CBT

A

a type of psychotherapy based on the assumption that the way people feel and behave is largely a product of the way they think; aims to identify, assess and correct faulty patterns of thinking that may be affecting mental health and wellbeing

52
Q

cognitive part of CBT

A

distressing emotions + maladaptive behaviours

53
Q

behaviour part of CBT

A

behaviour is learned so it can be changed

54
Q

systematic desensitisation

A

a behaviour therapy for treatment of specific phobia that aims to replace an anxiety response with relaxation when an individual encounters a phobic stimulus

55
Q

fear hierarchy

A

a list of feared objects or situations, ranked from least to most anxiety-producing

56
Q

steps of systematic desensitisation

A

1 - learn a relaxation technique
2 - fear hierarchy
3 - pairing items in the hierarchy with relaxation and working up

57
Q

psychoeducation

A

the provision of information to individuals about a mental health disorder to assist their understanding of its symptoms and treatment

58
Q

protective factor

A

something that enhances and helps to protect mental wellbeing and reduces the likelihood that mental ill-health will occur

59
Q

risk factor

A

something that increases the likelihood of experiencing mental ill-health, or can make existing mental health difficulties more severe or long lasting.

60
Q

biological protective factors

A
  • adequate nutritonal intake and hydration
  • adequate sleep
61
Q

psychological protective factors

A
  • cognitive strategies
  • behavioural strategies
  • mindfulness meditation
62
Q

social protective factors

A

– support from family and friends

63
Q

cognitive behavioural strategies

A

a CBT technique used to identify, assess and correct faulty patterns of thinking or problem behaviours that may be adversely affecting mental health and wellbeing

64
Q

behaviour activation

A

a CBT technique to help an individual identify and schedule activities that promote enjoyment or reduce stress

65
Q

mindfullness meditation

A

a type of meditation in which a person focuses attention on their breathing, whilst thoughts are experienced freely as they arise

66
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

a CBT technique thats used to help the individual identify their cognitive biases and other distorted ways of thinking, refute them, and then modify them so that they are adaptive and reasonable

67
Q

cultural determinants (aboriginal + torres strait islander peoples)

A

protective factors that help maintain strong connections to culture, strengthen cultural identity, enhance resilience and contribute to the maintenance of good mental wellbeing

  • cultural continuity
  • self determination
68
Q

cultural continuity

A

the preservation of all things to do with culture over time, and the sense of history, identity and belonging this provides

69
Q

self determination

A

the human right to freely determine or control one’s political status and freely pursue one’s cultural, social and economic development

a psych 3/4 (5 decks)

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