unit 4 aos1 Flashcards
consciousness
awareness of something either internal or external to oneself, and of our sensations, mental experiences, and own existence
states of consciousness
a state of awareness with variations in level and associated with distinguishable psychological and physiological characteristics
normal waking consciousness (NWC)
state of consciousness associated with being awake and aware of objects and events in the external world, of one’s sensations, and mental experiences
altered state of consciousness (ASC)
any state of consciousness that is distinctly different from normal waking consciousness or any waking state in terms of levels of awareness and experience
naturally occurring
altered states of consciousness that are naturally occurring in the course of everyday activities without the need for aid
sleep, dreaming during sleep, daydreaming during wakefulness
induced
a temporary change in one’s normal mental state without being considered unconscious. intentionally brought on
alcohol, medically induced, hypnosis
example of induced and naturally occurring states being mutually inexclusive
sleep is both naturally occurring but can be induced by medication
sleep
a regularly occurring altered state of consciousness that typically occurs naturally and is primarily characterised by partial or total suspension of conscious awareness
psychological construct
a concept or explanatory model that describes specific psychological activity or a pattern of associated activities. based on scientific and measurable events or processes, or on behaviours/mental processes inferred from data but not observed directly
why is sleep a psychological construct
sleep cannot fully be directly observed
it is based on scientific empirical evidence
electroencephalography (EEG)
a method of studying brain wave patterns by recording the electrical activity of the brain
DETECT
AMPLIFY
RECORD
ELECTRICAL IMPULSES
brain waves
spontaneous, rhythmic electrical impulses that come from different brain areas
beta waves
associated with alertness and intensive mental activity during normal waking consciousness
also in REM
alpha waves
awake and alert but mentally and physically relaxed and internally focused
theta waves
very drowsy state
when awake and engaged in creative activities
delta waves
associated with deep, dreamless sleep or unconsciousness
electromyography (EMG)
a method of studying the electrical activities of muscles during sleep
DARE
electro-oculargraphy (EOG)
a method of measuring eye movements during sleep
DARE
sleep diary
a self report record of an individual’s sleep and waking time activities
biological rhythms
a naturally occurring cycle of psychological, physiological, or behavioural changes
circadian rhythm
ultradian rhythm
biological clock
innate timing that regulates one or more biological rhythms
link between biological rhythms and biological clocks
each biological rhythm is maintained and controlled by a biological clock
eg sleep is controlled by innate timing
examples of biological rhythms
core body temperature
blood pressure
blood sugar levels
hunger
sleep-wake cycle
menstruation
biological mechanisms that influence the sleep wake cycle
circadian rhythm
ultradian rhythm
melatonin
supra-chiasmatic nucleus
circadian rhythm
a biological rhythm involving physiological, psychological, or behavioural changes that occur as part of a 24 hour cycle
endogenous
originating within an organism (sleep-wake cycle)
exogenous
originating outside the organism (external time cues)
ultradian rhythm
a biological rhythm involving physiological, psychological, or behavioural changes that occur as part of a cycle shorter than 24 hours
heartbeat, respiration,
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
an area of the brain’s hypothalamus that regulates the timing and activity of the sleep-wake cycle (and other biological rhythms)
its position enables it to respond to light and control melatonin production
roles of the SCN
- The SCN receives info from the eyes about the amount of light, then sends neuronal messages to the nearby pineal gland to secrete more or less melatonin in the blood
- SCN uses feedback on the amount of melatonin in the body to modify the output of melatonin and regulate the overall sleep-wake cycle
- SCN also regulates body temperature and release of hormones like cortisol