Unit 4 AOS 2 SAC 1

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

A group of individuals of the same species occupying a particular area or location

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

A group of similar organisms that tare capable of breeding together to produce fertile offspring.

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

The genetic makeup of an organism (Aa,aa)

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

The observable traits (not appearance) that result from the interaction of the genotype of an environment

Question 5

Gene pool

Answer 5

The set of all genes in any population

Question 6

Genetic diversity

Answer 6

The variation in genetic makeup or alleles within a population

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

Alternative forms of a gene

Question 8

Allele frequency

Answer 8

The proportion of certain alleles in a population, relative to other alleles at the same locus.

Question 9

3 classifications of mutations

Answer 9

Neutral, beneficial, deleterious

Question 10

3 types of mutations

Answer 10

Point mutations: Substitution, frameshift mutations
Block mutation
Chromosomal abnormalities: Aneuploidy, polyploidy

Question 11

Selection pressure

Answer 11

The driving forces of evolution. These are factors that influence the survival of an individual, a population or a species.

Question 12

Sources of variation

Answer 12

Meiosis, environmental factors, changes in chromosome numbers, mutations

Question 13

Natural selection

Answer 13

Occurs when a population is living in the wild and is exposed to unpredictable changes.

Question 14

Mechanisms of natural selection

Answer 14

Variation, reproduction, survival/reproduction, advantageous phenotype

Question 15

Genetic diversity

Answer 15

The variation in genetic makeup or the number or the of different alleles within a population.