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3/4 biology > 2022 Exam > Flashcards

2022 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of an enzyme

A

Organic catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

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2
Q

Definition of proteome

A

All the proteins that are expressed by a cell or organism at a given time

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3
Q

3 parts of an animo acid structure

A

Amino group, R group, carboxyl group

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4
Q

7 functions of proteins

A

Enzymes, transfer proteins, hormones, receptors, antibodies, motor, storage

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5
Q

Definition of primary protein structure

A

Refers to the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Structure includes a peptide bond between amino acids.

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6
Q

Definition of secondary protein structure

A

When a polypeptide chain fold and coils by forming hydrogen bonds. Can be 3 shapes: alpha helix, beta pleated sheets or random coils

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7
Q

Definition of tertiary protein structure

A

Describes the overall functional 3-D shape of a protein. Further folding of secondary proteins caused by disulphide bonds.

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8
Q

Definition of quaternary protein structure

A

Two or more polypeptide chains with tertiary structure join together.

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9
Q

3 subunits of a nucleotide

A

5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), negatively charged phosphate group, nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine)

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10
Q

How many hydrogen bonds does C-G have?

A

3

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11
Q

How many hydrogen bonds does A-T have?

A

2

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12
Q

What is the bond between nucleotides called?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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13
Q

Which molecule is produced as a by product of the condensation polymerisation reaction?

A

Water

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14
Q

What is the reaction that bonds two monomers?

A

Condensation polymerisation

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15
Q

Function of mRNA

A

Carries genetic messages to the ribosomes where the message is translated into a particular protein.

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16
Q

Function of rRNA

A

Makes up ribosomes

17
Q

Function of tRNA

A

Carriers amino acids to ribosomes where they are used to build proteins.

18
Q

4 components of gene structure

A

Promoter region, introns, exons, terminator sequence

19
Q

Definition of the promoter region

A

Binding site for RNA polymerase to the 3’ end of a gene which allows for transcription to occur. TATAAA sequence.

20
Q

Definition of the intron of a gene

A

Non-coding regions of a gene that are removed before the gene leaves the nucleus.

21
Q

Definition of the exons of genes

A

Coding regions of a gene

22
Q

Definition of the terminator sequence of a gene

A

A sequence of DNA that signals the end of transcription.

3/4 biology (2 decks)

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