UNIT 4 AOS 2 IMPACTS Flashcards
1
Q
Example of unilateralism
A
- In 2020, Turkey’s unilateral military intervention in northern Syria demonstrated unilateralism in response to the ongoing armed conflict. Turkey launched Operation Peace Spring to establish a “safe zone” and address what it perceived as a security threat from Kurdish forces in the region. This action, undertaken without broad international support and in defiance of other nations’ calls for restraint, highlighted the complex dynamics of unilateral military strategies in global conflicts.
- In 2020, the U.S. conducted a unilateral drone strike in Baghdad that killed Iranian General Qassem Soleimani, a key figure in Iran’s military operations across the Middle East. This action, taken without the consent of the Iraqi government and amidst rising tensions, aimed to counter perceived threats from Iranian-backed groups. The strike highlighted the use of unilateral military force in combating terrorism and significantly escalated regional tensions.
2
Q
Impact of globalization on armed conflict
A
- Syrian Civil War and International Militants (2011-Present) Globalisation has facilitated the movement of foreign fighters to Syria, where extremist groups like ISIS and Al-Qaeda have recruited globally. Social media and online propaganda have played a significant role in attracting recruits from various countries. This international involvement has exacerbated the conflict and complicated peace efforts.
3
Q
Impact of international cooperation on armed conflict
A
- Stockholm Agreement in Yemen (December 2018) The UN-facilitated Stockholm Agreement aimed to establish a ceasefire and facilitate humanitarian aid in Yemen’s Hodeidah port. International cooperation helped broker the agreement between the Yemeni government and the Houthis, although implementation challenges persisted. This effort showed how international diplomacy can mitigate conflict but also highlighted the difficulties in achieving lasting peace.
4
Q
Impact of crisis diplomacy on armed conflict
A
- Iran Nuclear Deal (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) (July 2015) Crisis diplomacy led to the Iran nuclear deal, involving the U.S., Iran, and other world powers, aimed at limiting Iran’s nuclear capabilities in exchange for sanctions relief. The agreement was a significant diplomatic achievement intended to reduce the risk of armed conflict over nuclear proliferation. However, its effectiveness was challenged by subsequent U.S. withdrawal in 2018 and ongoing tensions.
5
Q
Impact of globalization on terrorism
A
- Spread of Extremist Ideologies – Christchurch attack (2019) The global flow of information and cultural exchange has also enabled extremist ideologies to spread more rapidly. For instance, right-wing extremism has gained traction across various countries through online forums and social media, leading to increased hate crimes and terrorism. The cross-border spread of these ideologies complicates efforts to address and counteract terrorism.
6
Q
Impact of international cooperation on terrorism
A
- Joint Task Forces and Coalition Efforts (2014-Present) The formation of international coalitions, such as the U.S.-led coalition against ISIS, exemplifies international cooperation to combat terrorism. The coalition’s combined military, intelligence, and logistical support was crucial in diminishing ISIS’s territorial control. However, the effectiveness of these coalitions can be limited by differing national interests and objectives.
7
Q
Impact of crisis diplomacy on terrorism
A
- Iran Nuclear Deal (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) (July 2015) Crisis diplomacy led to the Iran nuclear deal, aimed at addressing concerns over Iran’s nuclear program, which had implications for regional terrorism. The agreement sought to prevent nuclear proliferation and reduce the potential for increased regional instability and terrorism. However, the U.S. withdrawal in 2018 and ongoing regional tensions have complicated the overall impact.
