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Theriogenology > Unit 4 And 5 > Flashcards

Unit 4 And 5 Flashcards

1
Q

In animals, if not pregnant,the endometrium is

A

Reabsorbed by uterus

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2
Q

During estrus, body temp

A

Increase

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3
Q

Phases of estrus cycle

A

Pemda
Proestrus
Estrus
Metestrus
Diestrus
Anestrus

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4
Q

Proestrus duration

A

1 day to 3 weeks

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5
Q

-One or several follicles of the ovary starts to
grow (depending on species)
Endometrial (lining starts to grow under
estrogen influence
What stage of estrus

A

Pro estrus

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6
Q

Follicles are maturing and estrogen exert its biggest influence

A

Estrus

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7
Q

Dominat follicle reaches its maximum,
growth, matures, & ovulates

A

Estrus

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8
Q

Estrus stage wherein estrogen influence subsides and cl starts to form

A

Metestrus

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9
Q

In metestrus, uterine lining begins to secrete small amounts of

A

progesterone

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10
Q

During this phase, Cl produces progesterone

A

Diestrus

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11
Q

If the animal is not pregnant in diestrus, it terminates w/ the regression of

A

Cl

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12
Q

It is the most consistent period in the cycle

A

Diestrus

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13
Q

In anestrus, melatonin regulates – release by hypothalamus

A

Gnrh

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14
Q

Anestus is controllers

A

Light exposure

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15
Q

Mammals that only cycle once a year and exhibit a long anestrus regardless of pregnancy status

A

Monoestrus

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16
Q

Mammals that cycle repeatedly in a year until interrupted by pregnancy

A

Polyestrus

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17
Q

Diestrus animal

A

Dog

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18
Q

Polyesters animals

A

Cat, cow, sows

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19
Q

Seasonally polyestrus animals ) short day breeders

A

Sheep and goat

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20
Q

Long day breeders

A

Horses

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21
Q

Estrus in cow lasts

A

6-30 hrs

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22
Q

Conclusive sign that cow is in heat

A

Standing heat

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23
Q

Metestrus in cow lasts

A

3-5 days

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24
Q

Cows is capable of what type of bleeding during metestrus

A

Metestral bleeding where capillaries may break and result in small blood loss

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25
Q

Ovulation in cow

A

About 10-15 hours after end of estrus

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26
Q

It is the period of cl formation

A

Metestrus

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27
Q

Diestrus in cow lasts

A

12 days

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28
Q

In early part of cow diestrus, there is

A

Increased progesterone production

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29
Q

In diestrus,__ lyses the cl and initiates a return to estrus

A

PGF2A

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30
Q

No of follicular waves generated
Ewe and Cow:
mare:
Sow:
Doe:

A

Ewe and Cow: 2-3 waves
mare: 1-2 waves
Sow: 1 wave
Doe: 4 or 5 waves

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31
Q

Breeding season of horses

A

Summer

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32
Q

Anestrus season of horses

A

Late fall and winter

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33
Q

Estrus length in mares

A

5-7 days
Becomes shorter at the peak of cycling season

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34
Q

Ovulation in mare

A

1-2 days before end of estrus

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35
Q

Ovulation in mares

A

1-2 days before end of estrus

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36
Q

Ovulation in mares

A

1-2 days before end of estrus

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37
Q

In diestrus in mare’ it is dominated by what hormone

A

Progesterone

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38
Q

Pins her ears back
Squeals, kicks, and strikes if the stallion approaches
What estrus phase is mare into?

A

Diestrus

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39
Q

In mare, FsH peaks during

A

Diestrus

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40
Q

Lh has a long half-life due to

A

Sialic acid residues

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41
Q

There is no metestrus or proestrus in what animal?

A

Mare

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42
Q

Ewe breed in –

A

Short day lengths

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43
Q

Ewe cycle or come into heat every

A

17 days

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44
Q

— inhibits the secretion of the Gnrh from the hypothalamus and lh and Fsh from ant. Pit. Gland

A

Melatonin

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45
Q

It decreases motor activity, induces fatigue and lowers body temperature

A

Melatonin

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46
Q

Lactational anestrus occur until after

A

Weaning

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47
Q

Sow is insemenated — after onset of standing heat

A

12-26 his

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48
Q

Behavioral estrus last – in sows

A

2-3 days

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49
Q

Owlation occurs when in sow

A

After near the end of behavioral estrus

50
Q

Animal that displays homosexual tendencies

A

Cow

51
Q

In cow when has higher frequency of mounting?

A

At night

52
Q

Elevates her tail
Squats to urinate (breaking down)
Everts the clitoris (winking)
- Accepts the stallion for breeding
Guess what animal

A

Mare

53
Q

Displays no signs of estrus if the male animal is not
present

A

Ewe

54
Q

Flagging tail
Localization/ bleating
What animal in estrus?

A

Doe

55
Q

Places her front quarters on the ground,
elevates her hind quarters and lifts her tail to
one side
When the dorsal caudal area is stroked, she will
tread with her hind legs

A

Dragster posture

56
Q

Feline estrous cycle

A

Peida
Proestrus
Estrus
Interestrus
Diestrus
Anestus

57
Q

Pro estrus in cats last

A

1-2 days

58
Q

Estrus in cats length

A

3-16 days

59
Q

Period between successive estrus in cats if no ovulation

A

Interestrus

60
Q

If there is no ovulation in cats, cl formed and secretes

A

Progesterone

61
Q

Hallmark of diestrus in cats

A

Elevated progesterone

62
Q

Pseudopregnancy in cats lasts

A

35 to 40 days

63
Q

Canine estrus cycle

A

Pema

Pro
Estrus
Met
An

64
Q

Cells present in pro estrus

A

Large intermediate and superficial cells

65
Q

Vulvar edema and swelling is observed in dog in what stage of estrus?

A

Pro estrus

66
Q

During estrus there is presence of what cells?

A

90% superficial cells and bacteria is present

67
Q

During diestsrus the uterine glands in dogs will undergo

A

Hyperplasia and hypertrophy

68
Q

Cells present in anestrus in dogs

A

Parabasal and intermediate cells

69
Q

The dog’s heat is interrupted and then
continued at a later time

A

Split heat

70
Q

The bitch exhibits signs of pro-estrus with the
typical bleeding but once estrus approaches, signs of heat disappear for some time

A

Split heat

71
Q

No external manifestations exist suggesting
that heat has occurred

A

Silent heat

72
Q

The presence of a bitch in heat may stimulate the
heat cycle in other bitches
lost

A

Induced estrus

73
Q

Youngest cells of vaginal epithelium

A

Basal cells

74
Q

Smallest among the vaginal epithelium cells

A

Parabasalcells

75
Q

Cells that has high n/c ratio, round nucleus, and basophilic cytoplasm

A

Para basal cells

76
Q

Oldest vaginal cells having small pyknotic nuclei
Cytoplasm is abundant, blue-green, and keratinized

A

Superficial cells

77
Q
  • Vary in size but are usually two times the size of parabasal cells N/C ratio is decreased
    Have large amounts of blue-green, keratinized cytoplasm
    Borders round to irregular & folded
A

Intermediate cells

78
Q

Vaginal cytology stains

A

Romanowsky
stains
(Wright,
Giemsa,
Eishman, Diff-Quik)
New methylene blue
Toluidine blue
Papanicolaou stain
Hematoxyline and eosin (H&E)

79
Q

The process of the gradual transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa

A

Spermatogenesis

80
Q

Site of spermatogenesis

A

Seminiferous tubules

81
Q

A cell that will be develop into sperm

A

Germ cell

82
Q

It nurtures the germ cell throughout the development process

A

Somatic or sertoli cells

83
Q

Spermatogenic cells that rest on the basement membrane

A

Spermatogonia

84
Q

Located in the middle of the seminiferous tubules

A

Spermatocytes

85
Q

Located in the adluminal region

A

Spermatids

86
Q

Phases of spermatogenesis

A

Pmd
Proliferative phase
Meiotic phase
Differentiation phase

87
Q

Phase that takes place in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules

A

Proliferative phase or spermatocytogenesis

88
Q

Spermatogonia undergo several mitotic divisions with the last division resulting in primary spermatocytes

A

Proliferative phase
Spermatocytogenesis

89
Q

Types of spermatogonia found in the basal compartment

A

Spermatogonia A
Spermatogonia intermediate
Spermatogonia B

90
Q

Meiotic phase takes place in

A

Adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules

91
Q

Reduction of the number of chromosomes
in the gamete in half (from diploid to the
haploid state)

A

Meiotic phase

92
Q

Longest lifespan of all sperm cell

A

Spermatocytes

93
Q

Short lived cells

A

Secondary spermatocytes

94
Q

Differentiation or spermiogenesis takes place in the

A

Adluminal compartment

95
Q

During differentiation, - – are formed

A

Acrosome and flagellum is formed and cells become potentially motile.

96
Q

It is non-motile, round, non - specialized

A

Spermatid

97
Q

It is motile, elongate, specialized components, special surface molecules.

A

Spermatozoa

98
Q

Phases of spermiogenesis

A

Gcam
Golgi.
Cap
Acrosomal
Maturation

99
Q

Phase wherein acrosomic vesicle spreads over the nucleus of the round spermatid and flagellum starts to form

A

Cap

100
Q

Acrosomic vessicle formation

A

Golgi phase

101
Q

The spermatid nucleus and cytoplasm elongates, acrosome covers the majority of the anterior nucleus

A

Acrosomal phase

102
Q

Mitochondria is assembled around the flagellum and the flagellum is completely formed

A

Maturation

103
Q

Sperm head contains

A

Nucleus, acrosome, post nuclear cap, plasma membrane cell

104
Q

Part of the head of sperm that is located below acrosome and lateral to nucleus

A

Post nuclear cap

105
Q

It is a bag of enzymes used to help sperm enter egg

A

Acrosome

106
Q

It is the attachment of the head to the tail

A

Capitulum

107
Q

It provides energy to move axial filaments

A

Mitochondria

108
Q

•largest part of the tail and provide motility to the
sperm
of middle piece

A

Principal piece

109
Q

It is a progression through a complete series
of cellular associations (stages) at one location
along the seminiferous tubule.

A

Seminiferous Epithelium Cycle

110
Q

Seminiferous Epithelium Cycle duration
Bull -13.5
Ram - 10.4
Stallion- 12.2
Boar - 8.3

A

Bull -
Ram -
Stallion-
Boar -

111
Q

Spermatogenesis IS controlled by a complex feedback mechanism involving the’

A

Hypothalamus’ anterior pg and testes

112
Q

Testosterone and estradiol feedback upon the
hypothalamus causing a slow down in the release
of GnRH, which results in a

A

Reduced output of Fsh and Lh

113
Q

Glands and their respective hormones
-Hypothalamic hormone:
-Anterior pituitary:
-Testes:)

A

Hypothalamic hormone: GnRH
-Anterior pituitary: LH and FSH
-Testes: testosterone (Leydig cells) and estradiol &
inhibin (Sertoli cells)

114
Q

Hormone that acts on Leydig cells

A

Lh

115
Q

A hormone that stimulates the production of testosterone

A

Lh

116
Q

Hormone that Acts on the Sertoli cells

A

Fsh

117
Q

Stimulate spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function-

A

Fsh

118
Q

In the Sertoli cells…… is responsible for activation of
aromatase enzyme for conversion of testosterone into estradiol

A

Fsh

119
Q

Produced by sertoli cells
negatively feeds back on
the
anterior
pituitary to selectively suppress FSH

A

Inhibin

120
Q

In the Sertoli cells: bound by androgen binding
protein and taken into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule, for transport to the epididymis
What hormone?

A

Testosterone

Theriogenology (7 decks)

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