Unit 4 American Political Ideology Flashcards
core values
are fundamental beliefs or guiding principles that shape the behavior and decisions of voting
individualism
giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
equality of opportunity
individuals have the same ability to access and the chance of receiving particular resources, such as employment, housing, or education, without discrimination based on irrelevant factors such as age, race, religion, or gender.
free enterprise
The ability of individual people and businesses to make money with minimal interference by the government.
rule of law
the principle that all individuals and institutions, including the government, are subject to and accountable under the law
political culture
The widely shared beliefs, values, and norms about how citizens relate to governments and to one another
political socialization
the process in which people develop their political values, beliefs, attitudes and ideology
generational effects
refer to the distinct attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that are shaped by the experiences and events that influence a particular generation. These effects play a significant role in political ideology
lifestyle effects
refer to the various changes in attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that individuals experience as they progress through different stages of life, effecting political ideology
scientific polling
a method of measuring public opinion through structured surveys that use statistical techniques to ensure accuracy and representativeness.
public opinion polls
interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population
benchmark polls
. initial poll on a candidate and issues on which campaign strategy is based and against which later polls are compared
tracking polls
Tracks opinions over time
entrance/exit polls
a type of opinion poll that is conducted during elections to measure the opinions and attitudes of voters before/after voting
polling universe
set of people that a particular poll is meant to represent
random sample
a method of poll selection that gives each person in a group the same chance of being selected
representative sample
a sample from a larger group that accurately represents the characteristics of a larger population
mass survey
A way to measure public opinion by interviewing a large sample of the population.
focus group
a way to collect data in which a group of participants gathers to share knowledge, voices, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes about a specific topic or concept
sampling error
refers to the discrepancy between the results obtained from a sample and the actual characteristics of the population from which the sample was obtained
reliability of data
consistency and dependability of data or results over time
veracity of data
the accuracy and truthfulness of the information collected
political ideologies
a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order.
political spectrum
a system to characterize and classify different political positions in relation to one another
liberal ideology
believe that the government that the government should intervene in social issues to prevent inequality and injustice
conservative ideology
believe that government should be small. They favor minimal government interference in the economy and prefer private sector-based solutions to problem
government should uphold traditional morality
moderate s
political views or policies that fall in between the extremes of the ideological spectrum
political polarization
a prominent division or conflict that forms between major groups in a society or political system and that is marked by the clustering and radicalization of views and beliefs at two distant and antagonistic poles
democratic party
A political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, social justice, and a more active role for the government in addressing economic inequalities.
republican party
A political ideology that emphasizes tradition, limited government, and individual liberties,
regulation of the marketplace
the set of rules and laws imposed by governments to control and manage economic activities within a marketplace.
libertarian ideology
disfavor any governmental intervention beyond protecting private property and individual liberty
voluntary trade
a free and unregulated exchange of goods and services
keynesian economics
believe that the government should increase spending during recessions to stimulate demand and boost economic growth
supply side economics
boosting economic growth by increasing the supply of goods and services.
monetary policy
the Federal Reserve’s actions and communications to promote maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates
fiscal policy
using government spending and taxation to influence the economy
federal reserve board
the central banking system of the United States.
economic equality
a state in which individuals and groups have similar access to economic resources, opportunities, and wealth.
globalization
immigrants bring their cultural and political ideas
