Unit 4 AI Flashcards
What is the origin of the word ‘motivation’?
Comes from the Latin ‘movere’, meaning ‘to move’
involves the processes that energize, direct and sustain behavior
Define motivation in the educational context.
Refers to a student’s interest in their own learning and constitutes a preliminary step to learning
It is considered the engine of learning.
What are the four perspectives on motivation?
- Behavioral Perspective
- Cognitive Perspective
- Humanistic Perspective
- Social Perspective
Each perspective offers a different understanding of what drives motivation.
What does the Behavioral Perspective emphasize in motivation?
Importance of reinforcement or punishment
It focuses on how external stimuli influence behavior.
What are Incentives in the behavioral aspect of motivation?
positive or negative stimuli or events
Numerical scores, letter grades or checkmarks for competently completing work
-> recognition through certificates, diplomas and so on
Behavioral Aspect of Motivation
What is the main goal of the behavioral perspective?
direct attention toward appropriate behavior and away from inappropriate behavior
What are the problems associated with positive punishments?
- Traumas
- Mistrust towards parents
- Useful for stopping bad behaviors but not for creating good ones
These issues highlight the limitations of relying solely on punishment.
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
A motivational theory comprising a model of human needs represented as hierarchical levels within a pyramid
Basic needs must be met before higher needs can be satisfied.
List the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
- Physiological: Hunger, thirst, sleep
- Safety: Ensuring survival
- Love and belongingness: Security, affection
- Esteem: Feeling good about oneself
- Self-actualization: Realization of one’s potential
Each level must be satisfied in order for individuals to progress to higher levels.
What is self-actualization according to Maslow?
The motivation to develop one’s full potential as a human being
It is the highest and most elusive of Maslow’s needs.
True or False: Cognitive motivation can sometimes have a stronger value than esteem needs.
True
This indicates that the importance of cognitive engagement can vary among individuals.
What does the Cognitive Perspective focus on regarding motivation?
Students’ intrinsic motivation, attributions, expectations for success, and beliefs in controlling their environment
It emphasizes internal processes over external influences.
Define extrinsic motivation.
Doing something to obtain something else, governed by reinforcement contingencies
It is often seen as a means to an end.
Define intrinsic motivation.
Doing something for its own sake, driven by personal enjoyment or interest
It represents an end in itself, encouraging deep engagement.
What is the need for affiliation in the Social Perspective?
The motive to securely connect with other people, establishing warm personal relationships
This reflects students’ motivation to spend time with peers and form attachments.
Fill in the blank: The more success a person achieves, the more _______ they will experience.
[motivation]
Success breeds further motivation, creating a positive feedback loop.
What is the impact of a positive sense of belonging on academic performance?
Higher academic performance
A positive sense of belonging can significantly enhance student outcomes.
What can influence a student’s motivation to learn?
- Choices in learning activities
- Absorption in challenges that match their skills
- Informational rewards that are not used for control
These factors contribute to a more engaging and motivating learning environment.
What motivates students to learn according to the text?
Students are more highly motivated to learn when they are given choices, become absorbed in challenges that match their skills, and receive rewards that have informational value but are not used for control.
Define intrinsic motivation.
Intrinsic motivation refers to the motivation that comes from within the individual, where students believe they are doing something because of their own will, not due to external success or rewards.
What are optimal experiences associated with?
Optimal experiences are associated with feelings of deep enjoyment and happiness, often described as flow.
What is the term used to describe optimal experiences in life?
Flow.
What conditions lead to the experience of flow?
Flow occurs when individuals engage in challenges that they find neither too difficult nor too easy.
True or False: Situational interest is generated by stable personal interests.
False.
