Unit 3 Flashcards
Intelligence in the school environment: educational response to exceptional students
What can Intelligence be?
- The ability to solve problems of daily life
- capacity to adapt and learn from experiences (resilience)
- creative and interpersonal skills (Gardner)
- Sternberg: capacity to adapt, shape, and select environments
- Vygotsky: cultural tools with help from higher-skilled individuals (ZPD)
What did Alfred Binet develop?
A method to identify children who were unable to learn in school
-> the Binet-Simon Scale
Which concept did Binet develop?
concept of Mental Age (MA)
-> an individuals level of mental development relative to others
What is the Binet test?
An intelligence test
What is the Chronological Age (CA) in intelligence tests?
refers to biological age
What is William Stern’s IQ formula?
IQ = Mental Age : Chronological Age x 100
If the mental age is above chronological age, the persons IQ is …?
higher than 100
If mental age is below chronological age, the persons IQ is …?
lower than 100
Do we still use the concept of mental age?
No, it is outdated, we use disability and percentile
What is an average percentile for people?
96-97 percentile
What is a normal distribution in intelligence testing?
is symmetrical, with the majority of scores falling in the middle, and fewer scores towards the high and low extremes
What are typical items for children and adults on the Stanford-Binet test?
Children: verbal tasks (e.g.: defining six words) and nonverbal tasks (e.g.: tracing a path through a maze)
Adults: more complex verbal tasks (e.g.: defining and comparing words, explaining proverbs)
What are 5 aspects of cognitive ability in the Stanford-Binet test?
Fluid Reasoning
Knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual-spatial reasoning
Working memory
What are the 2 aspects of intelligence in the Stanford-Binet test?
- Verbal intelligence
- Nonverbal intelligence
What is measured by the Wechsler Scales?
an overall IQ score and specific sub-scores, such as the Verbal Comprehension Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index, helping to identify areas of strength and weakness
What are the different Wechsler tests for various age groups?
- Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV): For children aged 2 years 6 months to 7 years 3 months.
- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V): For children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years.
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV): For adults.
What is the Mensa Workout?
provides an approximate estimation of IQ
-> offered by Mensa, a high IQ organization
Why is establishing rapport important when assessing children’s intelligence?
establishing rapport fosters trust and comfort, helping children feel secure and honest
-> encourages cooperation, reduces anxiety, improves performance
-> enhances communication, minimizes response bias, allowing more accurate assessments of true psychological state
Which 3 factors should be considered when assessing a child’s intelligence?
Motivation
Anxiety
Frustration Tolerance
What are the theories of multiple intelligences?
suggest that intelligence is not a single general ability but rather consists of specific abilities
which specific abilities might multiple intelligences consist of?
Naturalist skills
Mathematical skills
Bodily-kinesthetic skills
Intrapersonal skills
Musical skills
Interpersonal skills
Spatial skills
Verbal skills
How should we think about a student’s intelligence?
more appropriate to think of a student’s intelligence as comprising specific abilities rather than as a single general ability. Each student may excel in different areas of intelligence
What are two theories of multiple intelligences?
Sternbergs Triarchic Theory and Gardners Eight Frames of Mind
What are the 3 forms of intelligence according to Sternbergs triarchic theory?
3 forms:
Analytical
Creative
Practical