UNIT 4

Question 1

What are the four stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 1

• glycolysis
• pyruvate oxidation
• citric acid cycle
• oxidative phosphorylation

Question 2

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Answer 2

to capture the energy released and harness it in the form of ATP

Question 3

What are the inputs of glycolysis?

Answer 3

1 glucose, 2 ATP, 4 ADP+Pi, 2 NAD+

Question 4

What are the outputs of glycolysis?

Answer 4

2 pyruvate, 4 (net 2) ATP, 2 ADP, 2 NADH

Question 5

Purpose of glycolysis

Answer 5

• break down glucose
• ## extract energy from the reaction

Question 6

What characteristic of (ATP) is responsible for its high energy level compared to AMP?

Answer 6

the closely spaced negative charges associated with the phosphate groups

Question 7

What characteristic of (ATP) is responsible for its high energy level compared to AMP?

Answer 7

the closely spaced negative charges associated with the phosphate groups

Question 8

A glucose molecule has a great deal of energy in its ________

Answer 8

C-H bonds

Question 9

Which of the following is true of oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions?
A. They involve the transfer of one or more carbon atoms from one molecule to another.
B. They allow organisms to harness energy from large macromolecules and convert it to a useable form for the cell.
C. They allow organisms to harness energy from photons of light and convert it to a useable for the cell.
D. B and C are true of redox reactions.
E. A, B, and C are true of redox reactions.

Answer 9

D. B and C are true of redox reactions.

Question 10

What is a chemoorganoheterotroph?

Answer 10

chemo= chemical energy source
organo= organic compound electron donor
heterotroph= organic compound carbon source
BASICALLY all carbon

Question 11

What are the energy source classifications?

Answer 11

sunlight=photo

chemicals= chemo

Question 12

What are the electron donor classifications?

Answer 12

organo= organic compound (carbon)
litho= inorganic compound (not-carbon)

Question 13

What are the carbon source classifications?

Answer 13

heterotrophs= organic compound 
autotrophs= inorganic compound

Question 14

In the energy-yielding phase of glycolysis, energy is extracted in the form of:

Answer 14

NADH and ATP

Question 15

Glycolysis involves an energy investment phase, cleavage phase, and an energy pay-off phase. For every glucose molecule that enters the glycolytic path, what is the number of ATP used; the number of ATP produced; and the net ATP yield at the end of glycolysis?

Answer 15

2; 4; 2

Question 16

What is the difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 16

Anaerobic respiration doesn’t depend on oxygen to accept electrons whereas fermentation does.

Question 17

Why are fermentation reactions important for cells?

Answer 17

They regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue

Question 18

What is the role of the TCA/Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle in cellular respiration?

Answer 18

To produce NADH for oxidative phosphorylation, and To extract electrons from carbon atoms.

Question 19

By the end of the Citric Acid cycle, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2. Most of the energy from the original glucose at that point is still in the form of

Answer 19

NADH

Question 20

There are many potential “catabolic reactions” that could be used to make ATP by substrate level phosphorylation. Regardless of what other chemicals are in such reactions, the reactions would include

Answer 20

an organic high-energy molecule containing phosphate group.

Question 21

What is required for ATP synthesis by substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 21

an organic high-energy molecule containing phosphate, and ADP

Question 22

What electron carrier(s) function in the TCA cycle?

Answer 22

NAD+ and FAD

Question 23

Inputs of pyruvate oxidation

Answer 23

2 pyruvate, 2 NAD+, 2 CoA

Question 24

Outputs of pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 24

2 CO2,2 NADH, 2 Acetyl CoA

Question 25

inputs of the citric acid cycle

Answer 25

2 acetyl CoA, 2 ADP, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD

Question 26

outputs of the citric acid cycle

Answer 26

4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

Question 27

inputs of the electron transport chain?

Answer 27

10 NADH, 2 FADH2, 32 ADP, 6 O2,

Question 28

Outputs of electron transport chain?

Answer 28

10 NAD+, 2 FAD, 32 ATP, 6H20