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POSC 104 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Media System

A

all media outlets in a country

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2
Q

Media Outlet

A

a specific program, station, website

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3
Q

Prior Restraint

A

government preventing publication of material it finds objectionable

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4
Q

New York Times vs. US 1971

A

Pentagon Papers were leaked illegally. The Nixson administration said that you can’t publish it because it would threaten National security. Freedom of the press was deemed better

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5
Q

Journalistic Values

A

Objectivity was not always a value.
1. Partisan press: founding until 1830/40s
2. Penny press: mass market, so they didn’t want to offend any potential buyers
Norm of objectivity developed n this period
3. Broadcast Media: 1920s (radio) 1950s (TV)
Narrowcast media/niche journalism
Want to speak to a well defined slice of the pie

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6
Q

Objectivity

A

really hard to achieve in journalism. Process of selection, editing, and emphasis, reflects media outlet’s goals, journalist’s own values and professional norms

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7
Q

Hostile Media Phenomenon

A

we aren’t objective readers, conservatives and liberals see different biases

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8
Q

Media Outlet Goals

A

Entertain
Watchdog Rule: scrutinizing gov’t officials, telling us when they do something wrong
Make $

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9
Q

What get covered

A

the consequences of media outlets being businesses is that market forces, audience prefer us to at least partly drive content. We want drama, conflict, scandal, crime, and criticism of the government

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10
Q

Horserace phenomenon

A

we want to see who is ahead, polls and stats

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11
Q

Paid Media

A

Campaign ads that politicians pay for

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12
Q

Free Media

A

Politicians get covered by talking in sound bytes, talking points and with dramatic visuals. IT is “earned media”

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13
Q

News Management Strategies

A

needed to control your image in the media
sound bytes
dramatic visuals
talking points

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14
Q

Hypodermic Hypothesis

A

we don’t believe everything we hear, but we worry that other people will

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15
Q

Agenda Setting Effect

A 
when media cover an issue, we think it is important
Oversimplified coverage
Incentives to entertain us
Lots of concern about bias, fake news
Watchdog
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16
Q

Fake News

A

We see lots of bias against our views, we see things we don’t agree with as Fake News

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17
Q

Political Parties

A

a group that organizes to 1)win elections 2) operate the government, 3) determine policy

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18
Q

Party Organization

A

National, State, Local

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19
Q

National Party Committee

A

Independent of other party sections

20
Q

Recruitment of Candidates

A

Since their main goal is to win, they will recruit strong candidates that they think can win, even if they don’t match party values completely

21
Q

Party Platform

A

official party position on various issues. Party members won’t agree with it all. No one is bound by the platform. Some people disagree with their platform.

22
Q

Activists vs. party leaders

A

Activists want thoroughly progressive candidates, and have strong opinions, party leaders just want to win elections.

23
Q

Party ideology

A

set of stances shaped by an underlying philosophy about key issues and the proper rule of government in society

24
Q

Party polarization

A

voting in congress is now more polarized

25
Q

Party in electorate

A

normal Americans

26
Q

Party identifier

A

people who choose one specific party

27
Q

Dealignment

A

increasing tendency to identify as independent rather than as a partisan

28
Q

Closet Partisans

A

Independents who say they lean one way or another almost always vote one way

29
Q

Affective partisanship

A

Emotions, identity, and dislike of the opposing party

30
Q

Strength of party bias

A

greater than any other bias

31
Q

Why 2 parties?

A

Plurality elections guarantee 2 political parties; it is out of necessity. People will vote for you just because there is a D or R next to your name on the ticket. Parties provide $ and publicity. Candidates need to be in a party to win

32
Q

Plurality elections/Single Member Districts/First Past the Post/Single Member Plurality System

A

Person with the most votes wins

33
Q

Strategic Voting

A

If you know your 1st choice will lose, vote for 2nd favorite

34
Q

Proportional Representation

A

% of votes of party = % of seats in the legislature

35
Q

Duverger’s law

A

a plurality election system strongly favors 2 party system, a PR election system strongly favors a multi-party system

36
Q

Interest Group

A

organized groups of individuals that seeks to influence public policy

37
Q

Types of IGs

A

Economic groups
Public Interest groups
Government Interest groups

38
Q

Economic Interest groups

A

the biggest group

Business/trade, labor unions, agricultural groups, professional groups, individual businesses

39
Q

Public Interest groups

A

formed to advance the public good

Ex. NRA

40
Q

Government Interest Groups

A

Don’t seek to win office, just to influence policy
Americans hate IGs
2/3 consider lobbying a threat to democracy
1st Amendment makes lobbying legal

41
Q

First amendment & lobbying

A

1st amendment makes lobbying legal

42
Q

Outside techniques

A
  1. Elect/defeat candidates, PAC donations to candidates, independent expenditures
  2. Shape public opinion
  3. Mobilize IG members to contact representatives
  4. Endorsements and ratings
43
Q

Independent expenditures

A

funds used to elect/defeat candidates, but not coordinated with an official campaign - these are unlimited and create superPACs

44
Q

IG rating systems

A

Groups will rate where certain politicians rank on certain issues

45
Q

Inside techniques

A

lobbying, meeting or talking with officials, providing information and making a request

46
Q

Lobbying

A

attempts to influence the passage, defeat, or contents of legislation

47
Q

Preemption laws

A

if the federal government through Congress has enacted legislation on a subject matter it shall be controlling over state laws

POSC 104 (5 decks)

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