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CVP > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration?

A 
Diaphragm 
External intercostal
Sternocleidomatoid 
Serratus anterior 
Scalenus muscles
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2
Q

Muscles of expiration are only needed when? And what are they?

A

Only needed for forceful expiration

Rectus abdominus, obliques, internal intercostals

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3
Q

______ is due to muscle contraction which increases thoracic cage size

A

Inspiration

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4
Q

How do lungs inflate?

A

The compliant lungs inflate due to the negative pressure in the pleural cavity

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5
Q

_______ is due to decreasing thoracic cage size bc of the elasticity of the thoracic soft tissue and the lungs themselves

A

Expiration

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6
Q

___________ pressure oscillates around sero relative to atmospheric pressure

A

Intrapulmonary pressure

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7
Q

When negative, air ______ lungs. When positive, air _____ lungs

A

Enters; leaves

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8
Q

The lowest intrapulmonary pressure is reached ______ into inspiration

A

Halfway

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9
Q

After the lowest intrapulmonary pressure is reached halfway into inspiration, entering the lungs _______ the pressure

A

Raises

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10
Q

The highest intrapulmonary pressure is reached __________

A

Halfway into expiration

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11
Q

_________ is always negative compared to atmospheric pressure, oscillating around -4

A

Intrapleural pressure (pleural pressure)

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12
Q

_________ exerts an expanding effect on the lungs due to lung compliance

A

Intrapleural pressure

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13
Q

______ is the difference between intrapulmonary pressure and intrapleural pressure

A

Transpulmonary pressure

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14
Q

Alveoli contain two type of pneumocytes:
Type 1: _________
Type 2: _______

A

Type 1 line the alveolar walls (squamous)

Type 2: secrete pulmonary surfactant

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15
Q

________ is necessary to keep alveoli inflated

A

Surfactant

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16
Q

Premature babies lack _______ and therefor develop respiratory distress syndrome

A

Surfactant

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17
Q

_______ is a commonly used pulmoary function test

A

Spirometry

18
Q

______ is normal quiet breathing. Volume of air you breathe in and out

A

Tidal volume

19
Q

__________ i from top of tidal volume, breathing in until you cannot get anymore

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

20
Q

________ starts from a normal breath out then try to squeeze every last bit of air out

A

Expiratory reserve volume

21
Q

____________ the last bit of air that is in your lungs that is always present

A

Residual volume

22
Q

_________ are the same of more than one pulmonary volume

A

Capacities

23
Q

What is inspiratory capacity?

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

24
Q

What is functional residual capacity

A

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

25
Q

How would one calculate vital capacity?

A

Inspiratory capacity + expiratory reserve volume OR

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

26
Q

Minute respiratory volume = _______ X ______

A

Tidal volume X respiratory rate

27
Q

________ sonsits of air that fill the respiratory passageways tha are not capable of gas exchange with blood

A

Dead air space

28
Q

Anatomic dead are space is?

A

Air in trachea, terminal bronchioles

29
Q

Alveolar dead space is ______

A

Damaged or under perfumed alveoli

30
Q

What is the physiological air space

A

Sum of the anatomic dead air space and alveolar dead space

31
Q

What is the equation for the total volume of new air entering the alveoli each minute?

A

Va= Freq (Vt-Vd)

Va= alveolar ventilation rate 
Freq= respiration rate
Vet= tidal volume 
Vd= physiologic dead air space
32
Q

Sympathetic discharge in the respiratory system causes ________

A

Bronchioles dilation

33
Q

Parasympathetic discharge causes ______ in the respiratory system

A

Bronchiolar constriction

34
Q

Describe the cough reflex

A

Irritation to bronchi and trachea -> afferent neurons (vagus) -> medulla -> efferent neurons to muscles of epiglottis and abdomen

35
Q

Describe the sneeze reflex

A

Irritation to nasal passageway-> afferent neurons (trigeminal) -> medulla-> efferent neurons to muscles of the uvula and abdomen

36
Q

What afferent neuron is involved in the cough reflex?

A

Vagus nerve

37
Q

What afferent neuron is involved in the sneeze reflex?

A

Trigeminal

38
Q

The nose functions to modify the air before it reaches the lungs.
Air is _____, ______ and _______

A

Warmed
humidified
Partially filtered

39
Q

Speech invovles what 3 things?

A

Respiratory system
Cerebral cortex
Phonation, resonance, and articulation structures

40
Q

What are the 3 mechanical functions of focalization?

A

Phonation
Resonance
Articulation

41
Q

______- larynx; vocal cords
______- mouth, nose, sinuses, pharynx, chest cavity
_______- lips, tongue soft palate

A

Phonation
Resonance
Articulation

42
Q

________ muscles are responsible for controlling sound production

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

CVP (3 decks)

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