Unit 4

Question 1

1.1

What is blood made up of?

Answer 1

Erythrocytes
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Platelets 
Plasma

Question 2

1.1

What is the definition of Erythrocytes?

Answer 2

AKA Red blood cells
contain haemoglobin and transport materials from and to tissues and lungs
made in bone marrow

Question 3

1.1

What is plasma

Answer 3

liquid part of blood
transports red and white blood cells and platelets around body
function is to regulate body’s temperature and blood pressure

Question 4

1.1

What is the definition of neutrophils?

Answer 4

White blood cells in body’s immune system

fight off bacteria and viruses

Question 5

1.1

Definition of Monocytes

Answer 5

biggest white blood cell in immune system

fight off bacteria and viruses

Question 6

1.1

What are platelets?

Answer 6

cells which enable blood to thicken/clot

Question 7

1.2

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 7

transport 
temperature regulation 
exchange of materials 
prevent infection
blood clotting

Question 8

1.2

Function of erythrocytes

Answer 8

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

small and flexible to get into capillaries

Question 9

1.2

Function of leucocytes

Answer 9

detect abnormal material and destroy it

Question 10

1.2

Function of lymphocytes

Answer 10

B-cells = produce antibodies to destroy antigens

T-cells = destroy body’s own cells that have been taken over by viruses/ become cancerous

Question 11

1.3

Parts of the heart

Answer 11

Right and left atria 
Right and left ventricle 
Pulmonary valve
Tricuspid valve 
Pulmonary artery 
Pulmonary vein 
Aortic valve 
Vena Cava (superior/inferior)
Bicuspid valve

Question 12

1.3

4 chambers of the heart

Answer 12

Upper = Right Atrium , Left Atrium 
Lower= Right Ventricle , Left Ventricle

Question 13

1.3

Which blood vessels enter/leave each chamber ?

Answer 13

Aorta-main artery, leaves heart from left ventricle
Pulmonary Artery- dexoygenated blood from heart to lungs
Vena Cava- large vein, deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium
Pulmonary Vein-oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

Question 14

1.3

4 valves

Answer 14

Tricuspid- allows blood flow only from right atrium to right ventricle

Bicuspid- blood to flow from left atrium to left ventricle

Pulmonary- opening from right ventricle, stops blood going back from pulmonary artery into heart

Aortic- at exit of left ventricle where aorta begins

Question 15

1.3

which two circulatory systems does blood pump through

Answer 15

Pulmonary-right side of heart receives deoxygenated blood from body, pumps it to lungs

Systemic-left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs, pumps to rest of body

Question 16

1.4

Functions of heart

Answer 16

double pump
diastole
systole
cardiac cycle
role of component parts

Question 17

1.4

How does circulatory system work

Answer 17

Blood from lungs returns to heart via pulmonary vein and enters left atrium
Blood passed through bicuspid valve into left ventricle
Forced out of aorta carries oxygenated blood to rest of body
blood returns from body to right atrium via vena cava
blood goes through tricuspid valve to right ventricle

Question 18

1.5

How do you control and regulate cardiac cycle?

Answer 18

location and role of SA and AV nodes
Purkyne fibres
ECG trace

Question 19

1.5

Location and role of SA and AV nodes

Answer 19

sinoatrial node=upper wall of right atrium
‘pace-maker’
ensures both atria contract simultaneously

atrioventricular node= bottom of right atrium
delays electrical impulses from SA node
allows time for blood to empty into ventricles out atria

Question 20

1.5

What are purkyne fibres

Answer 20

specialised cardiac muscle fibres which rapidly transmit impulses from AV node to ventricles

Question 21

-.5

What is an ECG trace

Answer 21

electrocardiogram shows spread of electrical signals generated by SA node

Question 22

1.5

What does ECG trace tell us about what is happening in the heart

Answer 22

waves represent electrical activity
P = atrial contraction
QRS = ventricular contraction (systole)
T = ventricles relaxing (diastole)

Question 23

1.6

Types of blood vessels

Answer 23

arteries
veins
capillaries

Question 24

1.6

structure and function of blood vessels

Answer 24

arteries = wall = 3 layers (thick) carry blood away from heart

veins = thick wall
carry blood to heart from body

capillaries = very small, thin
carry & exchange materials to individual cells in body
connect arteries to veins

Question 25

1.7

what’s involved in formation of tissue fluid and lymph

Answer 25

role of hydrostatic pressure
blood protein
structure and role of lymphatic system

Question 26

1.7

role of hydrostatic pressure

Answer 26

pressure from heart contractions
forced water & dissolved substances in blood plasma out through capillary walls into surrounding tissues forming tissue fluid

Question 27

1.7

what does lymphatic system consist of

Answer 27

lymph 
lymph vessels
lymph nodes
lymph organs
bone marrow

Question 28

1.7

role of lymphatic system

Answer 28

removes excess fluid from body tissues

absorbs fatty acids

Question 29

1.8

causes and effect of cardiovascular malfunctions

Answer 29

hypertension = age lack of excercise obesity 
effects = damage to arteries. stroke.

coronary heart disease = smoking family history obesity
effects = heart attacks. angina.

Question 30

1.8

symptoms of hypertension

Answer 30

rarely noticeable

Question 31

1.8

symptoms of coronary heart disease

Answer 31

angina

heart attacks

Question 32

1.8

how do u monitor treat and care for coronary heart disease

Answer 32

blood tests check for levels of fats cholesterol
ECG
medication

Question 33

1.9

how do you monitor treat and care for cardiovascular malfunctions

Answer 33

impact on lifestyle e.g. change jobs

take medications
ECG trace
coronary bypass