Unit 4 Flashcards
1.1
What is blood made up of?
Erythrocytes Lymphocytes Neutrophils Monocytes Platelets Plasma
1.1
What is the definition of Erythrocytes?
AKA Red blood cells
contain haemoglobin and transport materials from and to tissues and lungs
made in bone marrow
1.1
What is plasma
liquid part of blood
transports red and white blood cells and platelets around body
function is to regulate body’s temperature and blood pressure
1.1
What is the definition of neutrophils?
White blood cells in body’s immune system
fight off bacteria and viruses
1.1
Definition of Monocytes
biggest white blood cell in immune system
fight off bacteria and viruses
1.1
What are platelets?
cells which enable blood to thicken/clot
1.2
What are the functions of blood?
transport temperature regulation exchange of materials prevent infection blood clotting
1.2
Function of erythrocytes
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
small and flexible to get into capillaries
1.2
Function of leucocytes
detect abnormal material and destroy it
1.2
Function of lymphocytes
B-cells = produce antibodies to destroy antigens
T-cells = destroy body’s own cells that have been taken over by viruses/ become cancerous
1.3
Parts of the heart
Right and left atria Right and left ventricle Pulmonary valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Aortic valve Vena Cava (superior/inferior) Bicuspid valve
1.3
4 chambers of the heart
Upper = Right Atrium , Left Atrium Lower= Right Ventricle , Left Ventricle
1.3
Which blood vessels enter/leave each chamber ?
Aorta-main artery, leaves heart from left ventricle
Pulmonary Artery- dexoygenated blood from heart to lungs
Vena Cava- large vein, deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium
Pulmonary Vein-oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
1.3
4 valves
Tricuspid- allows blood flow only from right atrium to right ventricle
Bicuspid- blood to flow from left atrium to left ventricle
Pulmonary- opening from right ventricle, stops blood going back from pulmonary artery into heart
Aortic- at exit of left ventricle where aorta begins
1.3
which two circulatory systems does blood pump through
Pulmonary-right side of heart receives deoxygenated blood from body, pumps it to lungs
Systemic-left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs, pumps to rest of body
1.4
Functions of heart
double pump diastole systole cardiac cycle role of component parts
1.4
How does circulatory system work
Blood from lungs returns to heart via pulmonary vein and enters left atrium
Blood passed through bicuspid valve into left ventricle
Forced out of aorta carries oxygenated blood to rest of body
blood returns from body to right atrium via vena cava
blood goes through tricuspid valve to right ventricle
1.5
How do you control and regulate cardiac cycle?
location and role of SA and AV nodes
Purkyne fibres
ECG trace
1.5
Location and role of SA and AV nodes
sinoatrial node=upper wall of right atrium
‘pace-maker’
ensures both atria contract simultaneously
atrioventricular node= bottom of right atrium
delays electrical impulses from SA node
allows time for blood to empty into ventricles out atria
1.5
What are purkyne fibres
specialised cardiac muscle fibres which rapidly transmit impulses from AV node to ventricles
-.5
What is an ECG trace
electrocardiogram shows spread of electrical signals generated by SA node
1.5
What does ECG trace tell us about what is happening in the heart
waves represent electrical activity
P = atrial contraction
QRS = ventricular contraction (systole)
T = ventricles relaxing (diastole)
1.6
Types of blood vessels
arteries
veins
capillaries
1.6
structure and function of blood vessels
arteries = wall = 3 layers (thick) carry blood away from heart
veins = thick wall
carry blood to heart from body
capillaries = very small, thin
carry & exchange materials to individual cells in body
connect arteries to veins
1.7
what’s involved in formation of tissue fluid and lymph
role of hydrostatic pressure
blood protein
structure and role of lymphatic system
1.7
role of hydrostatic pressure
pressure from heart contractions
forced water & dissolved substances in blood plasma out through capillary walls into surrounding tissues forming tissue fluid
1.7
what does lymphatic system consist of
lymph lymph vessels lymph nodes lymph organs bone marrow
1.7
role of lymphatic system
removes excess fluid from body tissues
absorbs fatty acids
1.8
causes and effect of cardiovascular malfunctions
hypertension = age lack of excercise obesity effects = damage to arteries. stroke.
coronary heart disease = smoking family history obesity
effects = heart attacks. angina.
1.8
symptoms of hypertension
rarely noticeable
1.8
symptoms of coronary heart disease
angina
heart attacks
1.8
how do u monitor treat and care for coronary heart disease
blood tests check for levels of fats cholesterol
ECG
medication
1.9
how do you monitor treat and care for cardiovascular malfunctions
impact on lifestyle e.g. change jobs
take medications
ECG trace
coronary bypass
