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Intro to Chem > Unit 4-6 > Flashcards

Unit 4-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the goal of bonding?

A

For an atom to become more stable

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2
Q

Molecules are _____ compounds.

A

Covalent

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3
Q

Physical characteristics of ionic compounds (trends):

A

Very high melting and boiling points, good conductors of heat and electricity, and many ionic compounds are soluble in water and an electrolyte: conducts electricity when interacting with water

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4
Q

_____ compounds contain metals and nonmetals

A

Ionic

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5
Q

_____ compounds contain all nonmetals

A

Covalent

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6
Q

When naming compounds, prefixes are for _____ compounds

A

Covalent (only)

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7
Q

When an atom becomes an ion it’s _____ changes.

A

Electronic configuration

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8
Q

List the metal elements with fixed ionic charges:

A

Groups 1 and 2, period 2-6.

Al^3+, Ga^3+, Zn^2+, Cd^2+, Ag+

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9
Q

Nonmetal anions all have _____ charges.

A

Fixed

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10
Q

_____ determine(s) chemical properties and physical properties of an element.

A

Valence electrons

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11
Q

_____ change number of electrons.

A

Ions

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12
Q

_____ change number of neutrons.

A

Isotopes

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13
Q

All ionic compounds must have an overall charge of _____.

A

0

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14
Q

Is the cation or anion written first in a formula?

A

Cation

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15
Q

Roman numerals are used for elements without _____.

A

Fixed charges

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16
Q

_____ are the only two positively charged ions.

A

Polyatomic cations (hydronium and ammonium)

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17
Q

Covalent compounds _____ electrons

A

Share

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18
Q

Ionic compounds _____ ions.

A

Steal

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19
Q

Molecular geometry is based on the _____ between pairs of electrons.

A

Repulsion

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20
Q

The most stable arrangement for a Lewis structure is with pairs of electrons (bonds or lone pairs) _____ each other.

A

Farthest from

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21
Q

In a Lewis structure, if there are no lone pairs around a central atom, and there are only two atoms, the bond is _____.

A

Linear

22
Q

3 atoms and one lone pair create what shape around an atom in a Lewis structure?

A

Trigonal pyramidal (107 degree angle)

23
Q

2 atoms and 2 lone pairs create what kind of shape around an atom in a Lewis structure?

A

Bent shape (105 degree angle)

24
Q

4 atoms and 0 lone pairs create what shape around an atom in a Lewis structure?

A

Tetrahedral (109.5 degree angle)

25
Q

The polarity of _____ affects physical and chemical properties.

A

Molecules! (This is called electronegativity)

26
Q

Electronegativity defines the attraction between _____ and _____.

A

Atoms and electrons

27
Q

Electronegativity has an attraction measure of _____.

A

0.0-4.0

28
Q

Atoms bound to themselves have ___ electronegativity attraction.

A

0

29
Q

List the bond type and it’s measure:

= or near = sharing of electrons.

A

Nonpolar covalent (0.0-0.4)

30
Q

List the bond type and it’s measure:

Unequal sharing of electrons

A

Polar covalent (0.5-1.5)

31
Q

List the bond type and it’s measure:

Ionic IF it’s a metal
Polar IF it’s a nonmetal

A

Ionic or polar covalent (1.6-2.0)

32
Q

List the bond type and it’s measure:

Very unequal sharing of electrons

A

Ionic (2.1-4.0)

33
Q

3 atoms bound to a central atom with 0 lone pairs forms a _____

A

Triagonal planer shape

34
Q

0-0.4 is what bond type?

A

Nonpolar covalent

35
Q

.5-1.5 is what type of bond?

A

Polar covalent

36
Q

1-6-2.0 is what type of bond?

A

Ionic OR polar covalent depending on if metals are involved.

37
Q

2.1-4.0 is what type of bond?

A

Ionic!

38
Q

The polarity of a molecule is determined by _____.

A

Shape

39
Q

Avogadro’s number is:

A

6.022 x 10^23 particles / 1 mol

40
Q

Amu = x / x

A

1.66 x 10^-27

41
Q 
Any time you convert
•element to element
•element to compound
•compound to compound
You must use \_\_\_\_\_.
A

Molar ratios

42
Q

A mole refers to 6.022 x 10^23 _____, _____, or _____.

A

Atoms, molecules, particles, or ions

43
Q

Molar mass is in units of:

A

G/1 mol

44
Q

Breaking and forming bonds are associated with what type of reaction?

A

Chemical

45
Q

Only physical means are needed to separate _____ _____.

A

Ionic compounds

46
Q

Breaking _____ _____ requires a chemical reaction.

A

Covalent bonds

47
Q

12 g carbon contains how many particles?

A

6.022 x 10^23

48
Q

Oxidation _____ electrons

A

Loses (becomes +)

49
Q

Reduction _____ electrons.

A

Gains (becomes -)

50
Q

List characteristics of covalent bonds:

A

Low boiling and melting point, poor conductors of heat and electricity

51
Q

Percent yield is:

A

Experimental (actual) yield/ theoretical yield= x multiplied by 100

Intro to Chem (10 decks)

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