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AP Pyschology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Bottom Up Processing

A

to build a complete perception. Start with the individual characteristics of the image and put all those characteristics together into our final perception

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2
Q

Top down processing

A

Recognition

Percieve by filling gaps in what we sense, use background knowledge

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3
Q

Sensory Receptors

A

Work up to sensory information

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4
Q

Selective attention

A

Ignoring things on purpose

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5
Q

Cocktail party phenomenon

A

Talking to one person at a loud party

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6
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

Chosing to ignore something

Ex gorilla at basketball practice

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7
Q

Change Blindness

A

Not noticing change in stimuli

Men giving directions

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8
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Minimal stimulation required to notice a change

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9
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A 
Detect a background stimuli
Hit= signal present + detected
Miss= dont sense it
False Alarm- sense whats not there
Correction rejection- double absent
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10
Q

Just noticeable differencd

A

Minimum amount to distinguish a difference

Webers law = 10%

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11
Q

Retina

A

Picture screen with rod and cone recdptors

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12
Q

Rods

A

Black and white

Light sensitive

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13
Q

Cones

A

Color
More of them
Color sensitive

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14
Q

Transduction

A

Conversion of one form of energy to another (stimulus energy to neural impulses)

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15
Q

Wavelength

A

Frequency/ pitch

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16
Q

Amplitude

A

Loudness/ height of the soundwave

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17
Q

Parapyschology

A 
The study of unorthodox pyschology
ESP- prior knowledge
Telapathy- brain talk
Clarivoignce- talk to dead
No one has ever proven this in a lab
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18
Q

Pyscholonesos

A

Make things up with your mind

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19
Q

Monocular cues

A 
Requires 1 eye
Relative height- taller = closer
Interposition- blocking =closer
Linear Perspective 3D on 2D surface
Relative motion close= pass faster
Light & Shadow shows depth
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20
Q

Binocular cues

A

Relys on both eyes

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21
Q

Retinal convergence

A

Turn eyes in to see closer

Ex finger hot dogs

22
Q

Binocular Disparity

A

Closer= more different
2 eyes
Required for depth, retinal disparity, and convergence

23
Q

Feature Detector

A

Reckgonized complex patterns

Occipital lobe inwards

24
Q

Hammer anvil stirrup

A

Middle ear

Passes vibrations from eardrum to cochlea

25
Q

Cochlea

A

Liquid with receptor cells CILIA hairs

26
Q

Place Theory

A

Sound depends on LOCATION of movement

27
Q

Frequency Theory

A

sound depends on SPEED of movement

28
Q

Phi phenomenon

A

Illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and of in quick sucession
Ex vegas

29
Q

Types of taste

A 
Sweet = energy
Salty = sodium
Sour = toxic acid
Bitter = poisionous
Umami(savory)= protiens
30
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

In nasal cavity
Go to olfactory bulb
Brain processing near hippocampus - smells linked with memory

31
Q

Noceptors

A

Interpret pain in the nerve canal

32
Q

Gate Control Theory

A

The spinal cord blocks or passes brain signals
The information is opened by nerve impulses/ activity
Small fibers =open
Large fibers = closed

33
Q

Kinesthesis

A

System for sensing position including the sense of balance

34
Q

Vestibular Sense

A

System for sensing position and movement of a body part

35
Q

Visual cliff experiment

A

Babies on a “cliff” dont go off the edge

Depth is a nature instinct

36
Q

Gestalt

A

Processes pieces of information into wheels continuing

Complete unfinished images

37
Q

Figure ground

A

Perception of figures against a background

38
Q

Continuity

A

When people usually prefer to see smooth, continuous patterns, not disrupted ones

39
Q

Similarity

A

People think of similar objects as belonging together

40
Q

Proximity

A

The nearness of lines

41
Q

Closure

A

The tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in what senses tell you

42
Q

Monocular cues

A

Only need one eye to be percieved

43
Q

Linear perspective

A

Can draw 2 lines and see them meet

44
Q

Interposition

A

If something is blocking your view, perceive it as closer

45
Q

Relative size

A

If we assume two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away

46
Q

Texture Gradient

A

Gradual change from distinct textures to indistinct textures = greater distance
Far away appear more densly packed

47
Q

Relative height

A

Perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away

48
Q

Relative motion

A

As we move, objects that are stationary appear to move

49
Q

Schema

A

What we have learned and organized from our experiences

50
Q

Looming

A

When things coming closer to you it appears to be bigger

Is it really?

AP Pyschology (5 decks)

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