Unit 4 Flashcards
Bottom Up Processing
to build a complete perception. Start with the individual characteristics of the image and put all those characteristics together into our final perception
Top down processing
Recognition
Percieve by filling gaps in what we sense, use background knowledge
Sensory Receptors
Work up to sensory information
Selective attention
Ignoring things on purpose
Cocktail party phenomenon
Talking to one person at a loud party
Inattentional Blindness
Chosing to ignore something
Ex gorilla at basketball practice
Change Blindness
Not noticing change in stimuli
Men giving directions
Absolute threshold
Minimal stimulation required to notice a change
Signal Detection Theory
Detect a background stimuli Hit= signal present + detected Miss= dont sense it False Alarm- sense whats not there Correction rejection- double absent
Just noticeable differencd
Minimum amount to distinguish a difference
Webers law = 10%
Retina
Picture screen with rod and cone recdptors
Rods
Black and white
Light sensitive
Cones
Color
More of them
Color sensitive
Transduction
Conversion of one form of energy to another (stimulus energy to neural impulses)
Wavelength
Frequency/ pitch
Amplitude
Loudness/ height of the soundwave
Parapyschology
The study of unorthodox pyschology ESP- prior knowledge Telapathy- brain talk Clarivoignce- talk to dead No one has ever proven this in a lab
Pyscholonesos
Make things up with your mind
Monocular cues
Requires 1 eye Relative height- taller = closer Interposition- blocking =closer Linear Perspective 3D on 2D surface Relative motion close= pass faster Light & Shadow shows depth
Binocular cues
Relys on both eyes
Retinal convergence
Turn eyes in to see closer
Ex finger hot dogs
Binocular Disparity
Closer= more different
2 eyes
Required for depth, retinal disparity, and convergence
Feature Detector
Reckgonized complex patterns
Occipital lobe inwards
Hammer anvil stirrup
Middle ear
Passes vibrations from eardrum to cochlea
Cochlea
Liquid with receptor cells CILIA hairs
Place Theory
Sound depends on LOCATION of movement
Frequency Theory
sound depends on SPEED of movement
Phi phenomenon
Illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and of in quick sucession
Ex vegas
Types of taste
Sweet = energy Salty = sodium Sour = toxic acid Bitter = poisionous Umami(savory)= protiens
Olfactory receptors
In nasal cavity
Go to olfactory bulb
Brain processing near hippocampus - smells linked with memory
Noceptors
Interpret pain in the nerve canal
Gate Control Theory
The spinal cord blocks or passes brain signals
The information is opened by nerve impulses/ activity
Small fibers =open
Large fibers = closed
Kinesthesis
System for sensing position including the sense of balance
Vestibular Sense
System for sensing position and movement of a body part
Visual cliff experiment
Babies on a “cliff” dont go off the edge
Depth is a nature instinct
Gestalt
Processes pieces of information into wheels continuing
Complete unfinished images
Figure ground
Perception of figures against a background
Continuity
When people usually prefer to see smooth, continuous patterns, not disrupted ones
Similarity
People think of similar objects as belonging together
Proximity
The nearness of lines
Closure
The tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in what senses tell you
Monocular cues
Only need one eye to be percieved
Linear perspective
Can draw 2 lines and see them meet
Interposition
If something is blocking your view, perceive it as closer
Relative size
If we assume two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away
Texture Gradient
Gradual change from distinct textures to indistinct textures = greater distance
Far away appear more densly packed
Relative height
Perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away
Relative motion
As we move, objects that are stationary appear to move
Schema
What we have learned and organized from our experiences
Looming
When things coming closer to you it appears to be bigger
Is it really?
