Unit 4 Flashcards
Fort Sumter
An island in Charleston harbor, that was the place of the battle beginning the Civil War.
the act of withdrawing from
succession
Led new Union Army, his army was called Army of the Potamac
“Lets prepare for 30 years”
General George McClellan
Head of Union army during invasion of western Tennesse. He was bad at everything except leading a military. He led Battle of Shiloh, captured Fort Henry, and Fort Danielson
Ulysses S. Grant
New confederate army leader after Johnston, he fought against McClellan during the 7 days battles and defeated McClellan due to unorthodox strategy.
Robert E. Lee
The battle involving the largest number of casualties during the Civil War. Union finally defeats Conf.
Gettysburg
A speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. Lincoln was speaking at the dedication of a soldiers’ cemetery at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg.
Gettysburg Address
General during the Civil War known for his scorched earth policies. Led a march to Savannah from Atlanta.
William Tecumseh Sherman
William Shermans plan to march to the Atlantic Ocean destroying everything on his way
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Place where Confederate army commander Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant in the American Civil War.
Appomattox Court House
across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., in whose 624 acres have been buried the dead of the nation’s conflicts beginning with the American Civil War, as well as reinterred dead from earlier wars. (estate of Robert E. Lee)
Arlington cemetery
Assasinator of President Lincoln. He was an actor and he was a strong believer in slavery and surpremacy
John Wilkes Booth
The first battle of the American Civil War, fought in Virginia near Washington, D.C. The surprising victory of the Confederate army humiliated the North and forced it to prepare for a long war.
Battle of Bull Run
Why were Confederate States of America created and why was civil war inevitable?
The Confederate States of America were created when Southern States succeeded from the Union because they felt they lost their political voice in national gov. They protected and recognized slavery. It wasinevitable because the Noth and South had different interpretations of the Constitution and slavery (mainly Lincolns election)
Why was the Battle Of Gettysburg a disaster for the South?
The Battle of Gettysburg failed to accomplish its objectives and it cost General Lee and the South more than one-third of his entire army. The South was not able to topple the Lincoln government, not able to force the Union to negotiate an end to the War, and not able to do well enough to gain support from major European powers. The South was never again able to stage a large offensive against the Union.
What were Shermans objectives in marching his troops from Atlanta to Savannah?
They were supposed to get supplies & destroy anything behind them.. They vandalized homes, destroyed buildings, and tore up railroad tracks.
When the Civil War began what was Abraham Lincolns main goal?
To restore the Union
In which area did the South have an advantage over the North in the Civil War?
Military Leadership
Why was David Farraguts victory in April 1862 so important?
It advanced the Union plan to split the Confederacy along the Mississippi River
Why do historians call the Civil War the last of the old-fashioned wars and the first of the modern ones?
Most generals still used military tactics from Napoleons time, but the weapons were new and deadlier
What was a result of the battle of Antietam?
Lincoln fired McClellan in Novemeber 1862
Abraham Lincolns plan for reconstruction?
Make south return to the Union as quick and easy as Possible
What were the parts of the 13th amendment
1) abolished slavery in the United States and provides that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or …
2) congress has power to enforce this article
became president as he was vice president at the time of President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination. A Democrat who ran with Lincoln.
he favored quick restoration of succeeded states to the union
Andrew Johnson
The period of rebuilding that followed the Civil War, during which the defeated Confederate States were readmitted into the Union
Reconstruction
One of the Congressional republicans who, after the civil war, wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders and to give African Americans full citzenship and the right to vote
Radical Republicans
Worked with Sumner to create the Radical Republican party, representative.
Thaddeus Stevens
Radical Republican bill that said Congress should be responsible for Reconstruction rather than the president. Licoln used his veto power to kill this bill
Wade-Davis bill
A federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War
ex. hospitals, schools, industrial institutes, teaching centers.
Freedmen’s Bureau
Discrimatory laws that severely restricted African Americans’ lives. “Trying to make slaves again.” Prohibited blacks from carrying weapons, serving on juries, testifying against whites, marrying whites and traveling without permits
Black codes
Makes all persons born or naturalized in the United States citzens; stipulates that states that prevent male citzens from voting would lose a percentage of their congressional seats; it prevented Confederate officers from holding political positions.
Fourteenth Amendment
provision in the Fifth Amendment, which only restricts the federal government. It states that no person shall be “deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law”
“due process laws”
to formally charge an official with misconduct in office. The House of Representatives has sole power to to this to federal officials
Impeach
Said, The right to vote cannot be denied on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
15th Amendment
Ulysses S. Grant election
His election showed the importance of African American vote to the republican party.
Who did the Radical Republicans believe should be incharge of Reconstruction policy?
the legislative branch of the federal government
Which word best describes Lincoln’s original plan for reconstruction?
lenient
Which action showed that President Andrew Jackson did not support greater rights for African Americans in the South?
He vetoed the Freedman’s Bureau Act and the Civil Rights Act of 1866
The fourteenth amendment was created to provide a constitutional basis for the…
Civil Rights Act of 1866
No one can be kept from vote because of race, color, or former enslavement according to the…
15th amendment
Who were the carpetbaggers?
Northerners who moved to the south after the civil war.
The first African American senator was…
Hiram Revels
Under the system of sharecropping…
landowners gave farmers a few acres of land to farm, along with seeds and tools, in return for a cut of the profits
After the war the Southern Economy…
was devistaded for decades
When African Americans first gained their voting rights…
they flocked to the polls even when threatened
A secret organization that used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white sepremacy in Southern States after the Civil War.
Ku Klux Klan
A series of financial failures that triggered a five-year depression in the United States.
Panic of 1873
Democrats return to power in the South in 1870’s. Marked the end of Congressional Reconstruction
Redemption
New republican candidate who ran against Tilden for presidency; he lost popular vote but won because of a “Republican Fall” commision
Rutherford B. Hayes
Measures for excepting Rutherford as President
1) Withdrawl of federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina
2) Federal money for railroad from Texas to the West+ improvements
3) Appointment of a conservative Southerner to the Cabinet
Compromise of 1877
said Congress ruled the right to vote and the right to hold federal amd state offices (revoked the 14th amendment) to 150,000 confederates, that would vote democratic.
Amnesty Act
The ability to run state governments without federal intervention.
Home Rule
Which of the following best decribes the Ku Klux Klan?
A secret society that used disguises when attacking and intimidationg African Americans.
Which of the following best summarizes President Grant’s administrations?
riddled with scandal and corruption
The economic failure known as the panic of 1873…
triggered a 5 year economic depression
What ended Reconstruction in the South?
The Compromise of 1877
Which of the following is anexamp,e of “redemption” as it was defined near the end of the Reconstruction?
Democrats regained control, or “redeemed” a state government that had been under Republican leadership for 12 years
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Democrat
From Tennessee
Remained Loyal to the Union when Tennessess seceded.
Andrew Johnson
What was Lincolns 10 persent plan?
Offer amnestry (pardon) to those willing to take a loyalty oath to the United States. To be readmitted into a state, ten percent of the population take the oath
What was Johnson’s recostruction plan?
Eqch of the remaining Confederate statws could be readmitted if they withdrawl its secession, swear allegiance to the Union, annal Confederate war debts, and ratify the 13th amendment.
Key (Formers Confederate states could set up state governments.)
Divided the South in five military districts. A union general was incharge of each district
Right to vote for all males
14th ratified
new state constitutions
Reconstruction Act of 1867(Military Reconstruction Act)
the impeachment of pres. Johnson?
He vetoed every policy from Congress.
Congress overroad his impeachment
He was one vote shy of being removed from office
What was the role of the senate in Johnsons impeachment?
put him on trial
What was the role of the House of Rep. in Johnsons impeachment?
Voting for his impeachment
White southerners who worked with Republicans and supported Reconstruction
Scalawags
Carpetbaggers
Northerners moving into the South, became involved in politics
Jefferson Davis
Confederate Leader who ordered the attack of fort Sumter. Also President of Confederate States of America
What was Southern Resistance about?
Against political power in the hands of African Americans
Against republicans leading southern politics
Sharecropping info
A new system for agriculture
Tenant farmers paid rent with a share of their crops
Many became trapped because they couldnt pay off their debt(debt peonage)
Crop liens: crops to cover debt
Who was the democrate running against hayes
Tilden
Southern state laws created to segregate public space
Jim Crow laws
What were the goals of the KKK? 3
1) Drive out carpetbaggers
2) Regain control of the South for the Deomocratic party
3) Use terror
A cartoonist, specifically “Father of the American Cartoon”.He was the scourge of Democratic Representative “Boss” Tweed and the Tammany Hall Democratic party political machine.
Thomas Nast
was an American politician most notable for being the “boss” of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics …
Boss Tweed
giving of ex-slaves land
General William T. Sherman issued a special field order that would have provided each African American family 40 acres of land and an army mule to work the land.
40 acres and a mule
granted citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the United States “without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude.”
The Civil Rights Act of 1866
Republican senator, who voted to keep Andrew Jefferson in office. He was the deciding vote
Edwin Ross
The party of the South, states rights, anti-civil rights for exslaves
Democrats
Lincoln guys, wanted a more lenyant reconstruction
Moderate Republicans
Was the Radical plan Congressional plan?
You betcha!
Bloodiest battle in the civil war
Antietam
