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History 9 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q
  • group of Nahuatl-speaking people who migrated southward to Central Valley of Mexico
  • eventually established an empire
A

Aztecs

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2
Q

-language Aztecs spoke

A

Nahautl

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3
Q
  • young warrior God
  • symbol was sun
  • human sacrifices were to him
A

Huitzilopochtli

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4
Q
  • one of the twin cities Aztecs built
  • very big
  • highly defensible
  • streets/canals turned into public squares/market places where tradespeople traded all different kinds of merchandise
  • one side of central square –> great temple of Huitzilopchtli
A

Tenochtitlan

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5
Q
  • great lords who were war heroes
  • lived luxuriously
  • exercised political/military authority on Empire’s behalf, maintained order
A

Tecuhtli

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6
Q
  • vast majority of population
  • did agricultural, military, domestic services
  • paid taxes
  • was able to hold land for life
A

Macehualtin

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7
Q
  • landless workers/serfs
  • paid rents in kind
  • bound to soil
  • more respect than slaves
A

Tlalmaitl

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8
Q
  • name of governing family of a group that settled in the basin of Cuzco
  • civilization of people that developed in largest central valleys of Peru
  • established one of the most extraordinary empires in the world, conquered all surrounding groups –> gradually spread throughout Peru
  • religious ideology was force that transformed culture and created pressure for imperialist expansion
A

Inca

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9
Q
  • first deemed the official language of Incas under Pachacuti
  • still spoken by most Peruvians today
A

Quechua

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10
Q
  • system in place of taxes requiring male labor for state

- 2 to 3 months doing work for empire ex. farming, mining

A

Mita

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11
Q

-intricate system of knotted and colored strings used by early Peruvian cultures to store information such as census and tax records

A

Khipu

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12
Q
  • fundamental social unit of Inca society

- owed allegiance to curacas

A

Ayllu

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13
Q

-clan leaders of ayllus

A

Curacas

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14
Q
  • had role in early phases of Portuguese exploration
  • supported the study of geography/navigation
  • sponsored annual expedition down western coast of Africa
A

Prince Henry the Navigator

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15
Q
  • Portuguese explorer

- wanted “Christians and spices”

A

Vasco de Gama

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16
Q
  • Portuguese explorer
  • motives were “to serve God and His Majesty, and to to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do”
A

Bartholomew Diaz

17
Q
  • new ship
  • had added sail and rudder
  • advancement in technology which helped sea navigation
A

Caravel

18
Q
  • first European man to find America, was trying to find Japan, actually landed in Cuba
  • goal of first voyage was to find direct ocean trading route to Asia
  • after recounting discovery to Crown, Spanish would follow policy of colonization in New World
A

Christopher Columbus

19
Q
  • Spanish conquistador

- “I have come to win gold, not to plow the fields like a peasant” about conquering Mexico

A

Hernando Cortes

20
Q
  • Aztec emperor

- distributed grain to people after flood

A

Montezuma

21
Q
  • son of Inca Huayna Capac
  • threatened to get rid of cult of royal mummies
  • lost to his brother in civil war
A

Huascar

22
Q
  • son of Inca Huayna Capac
  • nobles supported him after Huascar’s threat
  • defeated his brothers green recruits with veteran warriors
  • on way to Coronation was ambushed by Pizarro
A

Atahualpa

23
Q
  • Spanish conquistador

- him and his troops ambushed Atahualpa in 1532, and collected ransom

A

Francisco Pizarro

24
Q
  • system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians
  • disguised form of slavery
A

Encomienda system

25
Q

-name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, La Plata

A

Viceroyalties

26
Q

-board of 12-15 judges that served as his advisory council and the highest judicial body

A

Audiencia

27
Q
  • Spanish word for conqueror

- Spanish soldier-explore who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown

A

Conquistador

28
Q

-exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds (Africa, Europe, and America)

A

Columbian Exchange

History 9 (3 decks)

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