Unit 4 Flashcards
1
Q
- group of Nahuatl-speaking people who migrated southward to Central Valley of Mexico
- eventually established an empire
A
Aztecs
2
Q
-language Aztecs spoke
A
Nahautl
3
Q
- young warrior God
- symbol was sun
- human sacrifices were to him
A
Huitzilopochtli
4
Q
- one of the twin cities Aztecs built
- very big
- highly defensible
- streets/canals turned into public squares/market places where tradespeople traded all different kinds of merchandise
- one side of central square –> great temple of Huitzilopchtli
A
Tenochtitlan
5
Q
- great lords who were war heroes
- lived luxuriously
- exercised political/military authority on Empire’s behalf, maintained order
A
Tecuhtli
6
Q
- vast majority of population
- did agricultural, military, domestic services
- paid taxes
- was able to hold land for life
A
Macehualtin
7
Q
- landless workers/serfs
- paid rents in kind
- bound to soil
- more respect than slaves
A
Tlalmaitl
8
Q
- name of governing family of a group that settled in the basin of Cuzco
- civilization of people that developed in largest central valleys of Peru
- established one of the most extraordinary empires in the world, conquered all surrounding groups –> gradually spread throughout Peru
- religious ideology was force that transformed culture and created pressure for imperialist expansion
A
Inca
9
Q
- first deemed the official language of Incas under Pachacuti
- still spoken by most Peruvians today
A
Quechua
10
Q
- system in place of taxes requiring male labor for state
- 2 to 3 months doing work for empire ex. farming, mining
A
Mita
11
Q
-intricate system of knotted and colored strings used by early Peruvian cultures to store information such as census and tax records
A
Khipu
12
Q
- fundamental social unit of Inca society
- owed allegiance to curacas
A
Ayllu
13
Q
-clan leaders of ayllus
A
Curacas
14
Q
- had role in early phases of Portuguese exploration
- supported the study of geography/navigation
- sponsored annual expedition down western coast of Africa
A
Prince Henry the Navigator
15
Q
- Portuguese explorer
- wanted “Christians and spices”
A
Vasco de Gama
16
Q
- Portuguese explorer
- motives were “to serve God and His Majesty, and to to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do”
A
Bartholomew Diaz
17
Q
- new ship
- had added sail and rudder
- advancement in technology which helped sea navigation
A
Caravel
18
Q
- first European man to find America, was trying to find Japan, actually landed in Cuba
- goal of first voyage was to find direct ocean trading route to Asia
- after recounting discovery to Crown, Spanish would follow policy of colonization in New World
A
Christopher Columbus
19
Q
- Spanish conquistador
- “I have come to win gold, not to plow the fields like a peasant” about conquering Mexico
A
Hernando Cortes
20
Q
- Aztec emperor
- distributed grain to people after flood
A
Montezuma
21
Q
- son of Inca Huayna Capac
- threatened to get rid of cult of royal mummies
- lost to his brother in civil war
A
Huascar
22
Q
- son of Inca Huayna Capac
- nobles supported him after Huascar’s threat
- defeated his brothers green recruits with veteran warriors
- on way to Coronation was ambushed by Pizarro
A
Atahualpa
23
Q
- Spanish conquistador
- him and his troops ambushed Atahualpa in 1532, and collected ransom
A
Francisco Pizarro
24
Q
- system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians
- disguised form of slavery
A
Encomienda system
25
-name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, La Plata
Viceroyalties
26
-board of 12-15 judges that served as his advisory council and the highest judicial body
Audiencia
27
- Spanish word for conqueror
| - Spanish soldier-explore who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown
Conquistador
28
-exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds (Africa, Europe, and America)
Columbian Exchange
