Unit 1 Flashcards
Chivalry
code of conduct that was supposed to govern the behavior of a knight
Serfs
peasant with no freedom, permanently bound to landed estate of lord
Craft guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
Patrons
people who gave financial support to writers and artists, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles
The Medici
Who: wealthy, banking family
What: supported an academy for scholars, and a host of artists
When: 1434
Where: Florence
Why: held power almost continually for centuries
Petrarch
Who: Italian poet
When: 1304-1374
Where: Italy
What: Wanted to reconnect with the classical past (Greek and Roman), helped create study of humanism, studied Latin text, began collection of Greek + Latin texts
Why: first of Italian humanists, began humanism movement in Italy
Humanism
a program of study designed by Italians that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature
Individualism
pursuit of individual, rather than group
Gutenberg
Who: German metal smith What: developed metal stamps that you could cover with ink and use to make symbols on a page When: 1400-1468 Where: Germany Why: more books were able to be printed
Leonardo da Vinci
Who: painter
What: painted many famous paintings, one of greatest geniuses in Western world
When: 1452-1519
Where: Italy
Why: first “renaissance man”, painted plans for many inventions
Michelangelo
Who: Italian artist (statues, paintings, architectural projects)
What: produced many famous works
When: 1475- 1564
Where: Italy
Why: many people commissioned him for his work including Pope, had him work on Sistine Chapel
Christian Humanism
form of humanism from northern Europe, combined the best elements of classical and Christian cultures, way to bring about reform of the church and deepen people’s spiritual lives
Thomas More
Who: lawyer/ writer What: wrote Utopia, book about how children on an island get humanist education and adults have days divided into different activities When: 1478-1535 Where: England Why: many people argued about this book
Erasmus
Who: Dutch writer
What: had exceptional knowledge of greek and the Bible
When: 1466- 1536
Where: Netherlands
Why: published many interesting and helpful books
Renaissance
a french word meaning rebirth, used to describe a cultural movement that began in fourteenth century Italy and looked back to the classical past
