Unit 4

Question 0

Bipolar

Answer 0

two attachments to the cell body; <1%

ex: interneuron

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell

Question 2

Unipolar

Answer 2

one attachment to the cell body; <1%

ex: sensory neuron

Question 3

Multipolar

Answer 3

multiple attachments to the cell body; 99%

ex: motor neurons

Question 4

Sensory Neuron

Answer 4

converts external stimuli from the environment into internal electrical impulses; unipolar neuron

Question 5

Motor Neuron

Answer 5

carries an electrical signal to an effector muscle, triggering it to relax or contract; multipolar neuron

Question 6

Interneuron

Answer 6

forms a connection between other neurons; both multipolar and bipolar neurons

Question 7

Dendrites

Answer 7

carry signals toward the cell body; receive signals through synapses

Question 8

Myeline

Answer 8

protects and insulates axons and enhances their transmission of electrical signals (250 mph)

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

transmits electro-chemical signals to other neurons

Question 10

Axon Terminal

Answer 10

convert electro-chemical signals into chemical messages to be carried across synapses along with neurotransmitters to other neurons or effector muscles

Question 11

Neurotransmitters

Answer 11

released by the axon terminals to carry signals across the synapse to other neurons or the effector muscle

Question 12

Synapse

Answer 12

a gap between neurons or between a neuron and effector muscle

Question 13

Cell Membrane

Answer 13

regulates the flow of sodium and potassium into a neuron

Question 14

Na/K Channel

Answer 14

channel within the cell membrane; opens and closes to allow Na or K to enter or leave the neuron; passive transport

Question 15

Na/K Pump

Answer 15

moves Na and K ions against the concentration gradient back to resting membrane potential through active transport

Question 16

Mili-volt Flow

Answer 16

-70 mV –> +30 mV –> -80 mV –> -70mV

Question 17

Depolarization

Answer 17

sodium and potassium channels are open; Na+ enters the cell, K+ exits the cell; +30 mV charge

Question 18

Repolarization

Answer 18

Na/K channels close, pumps begin pushing 3 Na+ ions out for every 2+ pulled in; -80 mV charge

Question 19

Hyperpolarization

Answer 19

Channels and pumps close; -80 mV charge

Question 20

Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)

Answer 20

neuron is at rest; -70 mV charge

Question 21

Threshold

Answer 21

minimum stimulus needed for depolarization to occur

Question 22

Action Potential

Answer 22

electrical messages that are sent down the axon of a neuron; causes electrical charges lining the cell membranes to suddenly reverse

Question 23

Reflex

Answer 23

an action performed in response to a stimulus and without conscious thought

Question 24

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 24

coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system; consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 25

Frontal Lobe

Answer 25

responsible for happiness,thirst and hunger, speech production, movement, reasoning, long-term memory, taste, and problem solving

Question 26

Parietal Lobe

Answer 26

responsible for smell, long-term memory, bodily sensations, taste

Question 27

Temporal Lobe

Answer 27

responsible for language understanding, and hearing

Question 28

Occipital Lobe

Answer 28

responsible for vision

Question 29

Cerebellum

Answer 29

base of the brain; responsible for muscle coordination, and balance

Question 30

Brain Stem

Answer 30

responsible for breathing, blood pressure regulation, and sleeping and waking

Question 31

Cerebrum

Answer 31

top of brain consisting of the lobes