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Human Body Systems > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Appendicular

A

Consists of limbs and girdles

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1
Q

Axial

A

Central axis (skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum)

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2
Q

Periosteum

A

Contains nerve fibers that cause pain when damaged

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3
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Stores both red and yellow marrow to make blood cells

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4
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Acts as a shock absorber to prevent compact bone from breaking under stress

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5
Q

Compact Bone

A

Provides strength and protection for the bone

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6
Q

Osteoclasts

A

A bone killing cell

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7
Q

Osteoblast

A

A bone generating cell

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8
Q

Epiphysis

A

The rounded end of a long bone

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9
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

Area at the long end of the bone that contains growing bone

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10
Q

Diaphysis

A

The long midsection of a long bone

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11
Q

Metaphysis

A

Part of the bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis; contains connecting cartilage enabling the bone to grow

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12
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Smooth, white cartilage that covers the end of bones where they come together to form joints

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13
Q

Trabeculae

A

Prevent bones from breaking and keeps them from being so heavy and dense

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14
Q

Lacuna

A

A small pot or hollow cavity

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15
Q

Osteon

A

The chief structural unit of compact bone

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16
Q

Osteocyte

A

A mature bone cell; lies within the lacunae and communicates with its surroundings through canaliculi

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17
Q

Comminuted

A

Bone breaks into 3 or more pieces

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18
Q

Greenstick

A

Bone breaks partially

19
Q

Spiral

A

Bone is broken by twisting

20
Q

Depression

A

Bone is pressed inward

21
Q

Compression

A

Bone is crushed

22
Q

Oblique

A

Bone is broken at an angle

23
Q

Transverse

A

Bone is broken perpendicular to bone

24
Q

Flexion

A

A bending movement that decreases the angle between a bone segment and its proximal segment

25
Q

Abduction

A

A motion that pulls a structure away from the midline of the body

26
Q

Adduction

A

A motion that pulls a structure toward the midline of the body

27
Q

Rotation

A

Turning or pivoting around a joint

28
Q

Extension

A

A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

29
Q

Circumduction

A

A movement in a circular direction

30
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Toes are brought closer to the shin

31
Q

Hematoma Formation

A

(1) A blood clot forms over the area, and white blood cells start to clean the area.

32
Q

Fibrocartilaginous Callous Formation

A

(2) Fibrocartilaginous bridge forms between two bone ends

33
Q

Bony Callous Formation

A

(3) New bone starts to form between the two bone ends

34
Q

Bone Remodeling

A

(4) amAs stress is applied to the bone, osteoblasts and osteoclasts begin to remodel and shape the bone for use

35
Q

Long Bone

A

Any bone that is longer than it is wide

ex. Femur, tibia, humerus

36
Q

Short Bone

A

Any bone that is as long as it is wide

ex. patella, carpals, tarsals

37
Q

Flat Bone

A

Any bone that appears flattened

ex. frontal, illium, sternum, ribs, scapula, manubrium, mandible

38
Q

Irregular Bone

A

Any bone that is not long, short or flat

ex. vertebrae, ischium

39
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Type of joint in which the contributing bones are covered by an articulate capsule enclosed in a cavity lined by a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid

40
Q

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A

Multiaxial joint in which a sphere on the head of one bone fits into a rounded cavity in the other bone

ex. hip joint

41
Q

Pivot Joint

A

Movement is limited to rotation

ex. radius rotates within notch in ulna

42
Q

Saddle Joint

A

A biaxial joint in which the double motion is affected by the opposition of two surfaces, each of which is concave in one direction and convex in the other

ex. thumb

43
Q

Condyloid/Ellipsoidal Joint

A

Permits no axial rotation but allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction; a codoyle is received into an elliptical cavity

ex. wrist

44
Q

Hinge Joint

A

A uniaxial joint in which a broad transverse convexity fits into a corresponding concavity in the other

ex. elbow

45
Q

Planar/Gliding Joint

A

Allows only gliding movements

ex. ankle

Human Body Systems (2 decks)

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