Unit 1

Question 0

Appendicular

Answer 0

Consists of limbs and girdles

Question 1

Axial

Answer 1

Central axis (skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum)

Question 2

Periosteum

Answer 2

Contains nerve fibers that cause pain when damaged

Question 3

Medullary Cavity

Answer 3

Stores both red and yellow marrow to make blood cells

Question 4

Spongy Bone

Answer 4

Acts as a shock absorber to prevent compact bone from breaking under stress

Question 5

Compact Bone

Answer 5

Provides strength and protection for the bone

Question 6

Osteoclasts

Answer 6

A bone killing cell

Question 7

Osteoblast

Answer 7

A bone generating cell

Question 8

Epiphysis

Answer 8

The rounded end of a long bone

Question 9

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 9

Area at the long end of the bone that contains growing bone

Question 10

Diaphysis

Answer 10

The long midsection of a long bone

Question 11

Metaphysis

Answer 11

Part of the bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis; contains connecting cartilage enabling the bone to grow

Question 12

Articular Cartilage

Answer 12

Smooth, white cartilage that covers the end of bones where they come together to form joints

Question 13

Trabeculae

Answer 13

Prevent bones from breaking and keeps them from being so heavy and dense

Question 14

Lacuna

Answer 14

A small pot or hollow cavity

Question 15

Osteon

Answer 15

The chief structural unit of compact bone

Question 16

Osteocyte

Answer 16

A mature bone cell; lies within the lacunae and communicates with its surroundings through canaliculi

Question 17

Comminuted

Answer 17

Bone breaks into 3 or more pieces

Question 18

Greenstick

Answer 18

Bone breaks partially

Question 19

Spiral

Answer 19

Bone is broken by twisting

Question 20

Depression

Answer 20

Bone is pressed inward

Question 21

Compression

Answer 21

Bone is crushed

Question 22

Oblique

Answer 22

Bone is broken at an angle

Question 23

Transverse

Answer 23

Bone is broken perpendicular to bone

Question 24

Flexion

Answer 24

A bending movement that decreases the angle between a bone segment and its proximal segment

Question 25

Abduction

Answer 25

A motion that pulls a structure away from the midline of the body

Question 26

Adduction

Answer 26

A motion that pulls a structure toward the midline of the body

Question 27

Rotation

Answer 27

Turning or pivoting around a joint

Question 28

Extension

Answer 28

A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

Question 29

Circumduction

Answer 29

A movement in a circular direction

Question 30

Dorsiflexion

Answer 30

Toes are brought closer to the shin

Question 31

Hematoma Formation

Answer 31

(1) A blood clot forms over the area, and white blood cells start to clean the area.

Question 32

Fibrocartilaginous Callous Formation

Answer 32

(2) Fibrocartilaginous bridge forms between two bone ends

Question 33

Bony Callous Formation

Answer 33

(3) New bone starts to form between the two bone ends

Question 34

Bone Remodeling

Answer 34

(4) amAs stress is applied to the bone, osteoblasts and osteoclasts begin to remodel and shape the bone for use

Question 35

Long Bone

Answer 35

Any bone that is longer than it is wide ex. Femur, tibia, humerus

Question 36

Short Bone

Answer 36

Any bone that is as long as it is wide ex. patella, carpals, tarsals

Question 37

Flat Bone

Answer 37

Any bone that appears flattened ex. frontal, illium, sternum, ribs, scapula, manubrium, mandible

Question 38

Irregular Bone

Answer 38

Any bone that is not long, short or flat ex. vertebrae, ischium

Question 39

Synovial Joint

Answer 39

Type of joint in which the contributing bones are covered by an articulate capsule enclosed in a cavity lined by a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid

Question 40

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Answer 40

Multiaxial joint in which a sphere on the head of one bone fits into a rounded cavity in the other bone ex. hip joint

Question 41

Pivot Joint

Answer 41

Movement is limited to rotation ex. radius rotates within notch in ulna

Question 42

Saddle Joint

Answer 42

A biaxial joint in which the double motion is affected by the opposition of two surfaces, each of which is concave in one direction and convex in the other ex. thumb

Question 43

Condyloid/Ellipsoidal Joint

Answer 43

Permits no axial rotation but allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction; a codoyle is received into an elliptical cavity ex. wrist

Question 44

Hinge Joint

Answer 44

A uniaxial joint in which a broad transverse convexity fits into a corresponding concavity in the other ex. elbow

Question 45

Planar/Gliding Joint

Answer 45

Allows only gliding movements ex. ankle