Unit 4 Flashcards
Attribution Theory
Explains behavior and mental processes of people
Dispostional attribution
Behavior is driven by internal characteristics
Situational attribution
Behavior is a result of an outside source
Explanatory style
Tendency to interpret good and bad events in your own life.
Optimistic explanatory style
Attributing negative events to external causes and postive events to internal causes.
Pessimistic Explanatory style
Attributing negative events to internal causes and positive events to external causes.
Actor observer bias
Having dispositional explanations to others behavior and situational to our own.
Fundamental attribution error
Others behaviors are caused by internal explanations
Self serving bias
See ourselves in a positive light
Mere-exposure effect
more we’re exposed to a certain stimulus, the more favorable our attitude is towards it.
Cognitive load
amount of effort it takes to process information
Implicit attitudes
Unconscious evaluation of our biases towards others and objects.
Just world Phenomenon
See the world as fair and believe people get what they deserve based on their actions.
In group bias
Reserving positive feelings only for member of the group.
Out group bias
people dislike people that aren’t part of their group.
Ethnocentrism
Judging other cultures based on values and characteristics of one’s own culture.
Cognitive dissonance
Mental discomfort that occurs when actions and attitudes are in conflict with each other
Social influence theory
people adjust behaviors to meet the social environment they’re in.
Central route (persuasion)
Uses reason and logic, this is typically stronger and changes attitudes longer
Peripheral route (persuasion)
relies on emotion and superficial factors, usually temporary
Halo effect
Judgement based solely off a specific trait.
Bystander effect
people will watch someone in distress if others are watching.
Altruism
selfless behavior out of concern for other’s well being
social norms of reciprocity
Individuals are more likely to help those who’ve helped them in the past.
Psychodynamic theory of personality
Assumes unconscious forces determine behavior and influence personality
Consciousness
Sense of reality and immediate awareness (smallest part of our mind)
Preconscious
Ability to bring conscious thoughts to our awareness
Unconsciousness
Thoughts and desires beyond our award awareness (largest part of the mind)
Sublimation
Occurs when a person channels an unacceptable urge into something of value with social value
Reaction-formation
Transforming unacceptable urges into its opposite to defend against anxiety producing thoughts or impulses
Psychodynamic theory of perspective
Looks at the impact of childhood events on your mind and behavior.
Projective tests
Personality assessments intended to uncover feelings. (Ink splatters)
Humanistic theory
Emphasizes the inherent goodness of people and their ability to grow.
Unconditional regard
nonjudgmental acceptance of ourselves and other regardless of behavior.
Social cognitive theory
How people learn behaviors through observations and social interactions.
Reciprocal determination
Person, environment, and behavior interact to determine patterns of behavior.
Self concept
way one views themself in relation to others
Self-Efficacy
The degree to which a person thinks their efforts will result in a desired outcome
Trait theory
Personality consists of observable and measurable traits that endure over time.
Factor analysis
Analyzing multiple variables and seeing how they corelate to each other.
Arousal theory
People are motivated to perform in order to maintain optimal levels of arousal
Dodson law
peak performance occurs at certain levels of arousal
Self determination theory
People are motivated by intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.
Intrinsic motivation
doing an activity for internal rewards
Extrinsic motivation
Doing an activity for external rewards
Disinhibition
Pursuit of social settings
Boredom susceptibility
Aversion to routine
Approach-approach
Choice between two desirable options.
Avoidance-Avoidance
Choice between two undesirable choices.
Approach-avoidance
Goal has a positive and negative features
Ghrelin
hormone produced in stomach when empty (Induces hunger)
Leptin
Hormone produced by fat cells that tell the hypothalamus to suppress hunger.
Lange Theory
External stimuli leads to a response of the autonomic nervous system.
Bard Theory
Processes in the brain and nervous system sends emotions while processing (seeing a bear)
Cognitive appraisal
People evaluate their environment to determine their significance and potential impact.
Broaden and build theory
Positive emotions widens one’s awareness and encourages new thoughts and actions which allows us to build skills.
What are the five universal facial expressions.
Anger, disgust, fear, enjoyment, and sadness
Elicitors
Factors that trigger emotions
