Unit 4

Question 1

3Define, with examples, what is meant when a contract is described as ‘retrofit BSE systems’ in a retail sector facility. 5 marks

Answer 1

A “retrofit BSE systems” contract in a retail facility involves upgrading or replacing Building Services Engineering (BSE) systems—such as HVAC, lighting, plumbing, electrical, and fire safety—to improve performance, efficiency, or compliance with modern standards.

Question 2

4A construction company is experiencing problems with the supply of materials for their projects. Explain two benefits to the company of partnering through the integration of the supply chain. 4 marks

Answer 2

Improved Material Availability: By collaborating closely with suppliers, the company can establish better communication, ensuring timely delivery and reducing delays caused by supply chain disruptions.

Cost Efficiency: Integration allows for bulk purchasing, better forecasting, and streamlined logistics, leading to reduced procurement costs and minimizing waste or overstock.

Question 3

5A developer has plans for a site with 65 domestic ‘executive style’ dwellings with bespoke architectural features. The operative is required to provide a tender for this work.

Explain the information that the operative would need to complete this task with accuracy. 8 marks

Answer 3

Architectural Plans and Specifications: Detailed drawings, layouts, and designs that outline the dimensions, materials, and bespoke features for each dwelling.

Scope of Work: A clear description of the tasks to be undertaken, including any specific requirements for landscaping, utilities, or specialized finishes.

Bill of Quantities (BoQ): A breakdown of materials, labor, and equipment needed for the project, allowing for precise cost estimation.

Site Information: Details of site conditions, including topography, access restrictions, soil surveys, and any existing infrastructure.

Project Timeline: Deadlines for project completion and key milestones to determine resource allocation and scheduling.

Regulatory Requirements: Information on planning permissions, building codes, and other legal or environmental obligations.

Supplier and Subcontractor Details: Reliable sources for materials and specialized trades, particularly for bespoke architectural features.

Market Rates and Costs: Current prices for labor, materials, and equipment to calculate accurate and competitive pricing.

Question 4

6State two common procurement routes. 2 marks

Answer 4

Traditional Procurement
Design and Build (D&B)

Question 5

A Local Authority is inviting companies to submit costings with a view of being awarded a major maintenance contract. Explain two tendering methods that would be suitable for this situation. 4 marks

Answer 5

Open Tendering allows any interested company to submit a bid. It ensures fair competition and transparency, giving the Local Authority a wide range of options and promoting value for money.

Selective Tendering is a shortlist of pre-qualified companies that are invited to submit bids. This ensures that only experienced and capable contractors participate.

Question 6

The walls and roof of a small extension to a house have already been constructed.

Outline the responsibilities of two different construction operatives that will be involved in completing the rest of this project. 6 marks

Answer 6

Electrician:

Install electrical wiring, outlets, lighting, and switches in compliance with safety regulations.
Test and certify the electrical systems to ensure they are functional and safe.
Plasterer:

Apply plaster to internal walls and ceilings, creating a smooth finish ready for decoration.
Ensure that all surfaces are even and aligned with the design specifications.

Question 7

7A Continuing Professional Development (CPD) training provider is advertising for business, targeting the construction industry.

Explain the selling points the trainer could put forward to encourage employers to use their services. 4 marks

Answer 7

Skill Development: Keeps employees updated on industry practices and technologies.

Compliance: Ensures adherence to legal and safety standards.

Efficiency: Improves productivity and reduces errors.

Retention: Shows commitment to staff growth, boosting morale and loyalty.

Question 8

8State two types of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) that could be undertaken by construction workers. 2 marks

Answer 8

Formal Training and Certification Programs

On-the-Job Training and Practical Workshops

Question 9

9Describe two reasons why Continued Professional Development (CPD) is essential for skilled persons working in the BSE sector. 4 marks

Answer 9

Staying Updated: CPD keeps workers informed on new technologies, standards, and regulations in the BSE sector.

Career Growth: CPD enhances skills, improving job performance and career opportunities

Question 10

10State what each of the following letters stand for within the term PESTLE: 3 marks

a) P (1 mark)

b) S (1 mark)

c) T (1 mark)

Answer 10

Political
social
technological

Question 11

11PESTLE factors are used for analysis in building services and construction projects. List these PESTLE factors. 6 marks

Answer 11

Political
Economic
Social
Technological
Legal
Environmental

Question 12

12Explain the impact of four PESTLE factors on the construction industry. 8 marks

Answer 12

Political (2 marks): Changes in government policies, regulations, or political stability can influence construction projects. For example, government funding for infrastructure or changes in planning permissions can drive or hinder project progress.

Economic (2 marks): Economic conditions like inflation, interest rates, or market downturns affect costs of materials and labor, as well as investment in construction projects.

Social (2 marks): Demographic shifts or societal preferences, such as the demand for sustainable buildings, shape construction priorities and design trends.

Environmental (2 marks): Environmental factors, including climate change regulations and sustainability goals, require the industry to adopt eco-friendly practices and materials, impacting project planning and execution.

Question 13

13Explain the first two factors in PESTLE in relation to construction projects. 4 marks

Answer 13

Political (2 marks): Government policies, such as changes in tax laws, housing initiatives, or infrastructure investment, directly affect construction projects. For example, increased funding for public housing or stricter health and safety regulations can drive project demand or influence project costs.

Economic (2 marks): Economic factors like interest rates, inflation, or labor costs impact construction budgets and feasibility. A strong economy can lead to higher investment in construction, while econ

Question 14

14A wholesaler delivers materials to a construction site.

Explain what actions should be taken with the delivery note. 3 marks

Answer 14

Check the Delivery Note Against the Order (1 mark): Verify that the materials listed match the purchase order to ensure accuracy.

Inspect the Delivered Materials (1 mark): Check the quality, quantity, and condition of the materials against the delivery note to confirm they meet specifications.

Sign and File the Delivery Note (1 mark): If correct, sign the delivery note as proof of receipt and file it for record-keeping and future reference.

Question 15

15Explain how a schedule of rates is used within a BSE contract. 2 marks

Answer 15

Provide Pre-Agreed Prices (1 mark): It lists fixed prices for specific tasks or materials, helping to estimate costs for additional work or variations during the project.

Simplify Cost Management (1 mark): It ensures transparency and efficiency in pricing, avoiding the need for renegotiation for each change or extra work.

Question 16

16During the construction phase of a project to build a new leisure centre, the client submits a change request for the inclusion of a dance studio which is outside the original contract. The leisure centre is due to open in four weeks’ time and this date cannot be changed. The completion of the dance studio would normally take six weeks to complete.

Explain the implication of this change request on the project if accepted. 4 marks

Answer 16

Impact on Scope and Resources (1 mark): Adding the dance studio expands the project scope, requiring additional materials, labor, and possibly new expertise.

Time Constraints (1 mark): Completing a six-week task in four weeks may require acceleration, potentially compromising quality or requiring overtime work.

Increased Costs (1 mark): The expedited schedule could lead to higher costs due to premium rates for labor, rush orders for materials, or penalties for overtime.

Risk to Overall Project (1 mark): Attempting to meet the opening deadline might divert resources from other critical tasks, risking the timely completion of the leisure center as a whole.

Question 17

17Describe the purpose of each of the following documents:

a) Material take-off sheets. (2 marks)

b) Schedule of rates. (2 marks)

Answer 17

a) Material Take-Off Sheets (2 marks):
These sheets list and quantify all materials needed for a project, aiding in accurate ordering and budgeting.

b) Schedule of Rates (2 marks):
A schedule of rates lists pre-agreed prices for tasks and materials, ensuring consistent pricing for additional work.

Question 18

18Part way through a contract to refurbish the building services in a dwelling, the client has decided that they want a major change to the type of heating system.

a) Explain how these changes impact on the original contract issued. 2 marks

b) Describe how these changes should be documented. 1 mark

Answer 18

The changes to the heating system will affect the scope of work, requiring adjustments to the design, materials, and labor. This may result in increased costs, extended timelines, and potentially affect the overall project completion date.

The changes should be documented through a formal change order or variation order, which outlines the revised scope, costs, and time implications, ensuring both parties agree to the adjustments.

Question 19

19During the hand over procedure of a new build community centre, an operations and maintenance manual is to be presented.

Describe the purpose of an operations and maintenance manual, including examples of its content in relation to this project. 5 marks

Answer 19

The purpose of an operations and maintenance manual is to provide the building owner or operator with essential information on how to operate, maintain, and repair the systems and components of the building effectively throughout its lifespan.

Question 20

20An air conditioning system has been fully installed in an office and the project is now being handed over to the client.

Describe the procedure for handing over the completed project to the client. 4 marks

Answer 20

First, a final inspection is conducted to ensure the system meets all specifications, functions correctly, and complies with safety and quality standards. Next, a demonstration is provided to the client, showing how to operate and adjust the system, including controls, filters, and regular maintenance procedures. The necessary documentation, such as the operations and maintenance manual, warranty information, as-built drawings, and certifications, is then handed over to the client. Finally, the client is asked to sign off on the project, confirming their satisfaction with the work and that the project has been completed according to the contract terms.

Question 21

1Define a medium size business in relation to the number of its employees. 2 marks

Answer 21

A medium-sized business typically has between 50 and 250 employees.

Question 22

2Describe one advantage of a business being a sole trader. 2 marks

Answer 22

complete control over decision-making (1 mark). As the sole owner, the individual has the flexibility to make quick decisions without needing approval from partners or shareholders