Unit 4

Question 1

Geology is…

Answer 1

The study of now earth is formed, structure, and processes

Question 2

Layers of the earth

Answer 2

Core, mantle, crust ( lithosphere )

Question 3

Lithosphere

Answer 3

The crust and upper-most mantle

Question 4

Plate tectonics

Answer 4

How terrain structures are formed crust plates

Question 5

Divergent plate boundary

Answer 5

When 2 plates move away from each other causing new crust to form

Question 6

Convergent plates boundary

Answer 6

When plates move towards each other causing destruction of crust

Question 7

Transform boundary

Answer 7

When plates slide together causing earthquakes

Question 8

Faults

Answer 8

A crack in the earths crust

Question 9

Subduction

Answer 9

Oceanic crust depends beneath continental crust

Question 10

Mid-Atlantic ridge

Answer 10

Divergent plate where new crust forms

Question 11

Ring of fire

Answer 11

A plate where lots of volcanoes

Question 12

Island arcs

Answer 12

A curving chain of volcanoic islands

Question 13

Oceanic trenches

Answer 13

Caused by convergent plates, a steep drop off where subducting occurs

Question 14

Layer of soil

Answer 14

Organic layer
Topsoil layer ( A)
Elvuviation layer (e)
Subsoil (b)
Parent rock (c)
Bedrock (r)

Question 15

Erosion

Answer 15

Natural weathering of rock

Question 16

Soil

Answer 16

Solids made up of minerals and organic matter

Question 17

Soil profile (horizon)

Answer 17

The arrangement of Soil horizons

Question 18

Soil texture triangle

Answer 18

Classification tool to determines soil class/texture

Question 19

Top soil

Answer 19

Upper layer of soil wl high organic matter content

Question 20

Soil type & size particle

Answer 20

Sand, silt, clay

Question 21

Loan

Answer 21

A mixture of all 3 types of soil

Question 22

Weathering

Answer 22

The breaking down of rocks

Question 23

Water shed

Answer 23

Area where river outflow to large body of water occurs

Question 24

Tributary

Answer 24

A river that flows into large river/lake

Question 25

Coriolis effect

Answer 25

The earth rotates, causing storms to swirl clockwise in southern hemisphere, reversed in northern

Question 26

Hurricane

Answer 26

Typer of tropical storm

Question 27

Layers of atmosphere

Answer 27

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

Question 28

Convection currents

Answer 28

Heat driven cycles that occur in air ocean and mantle

Question 29

Hadley cells

Answer 29

Occur in equator and 30°, warm air rises and cools then falls

Question 30

Westerlies

Answer 30

Winds coming from west → moving to east (between 30 and 60° )

Question 31

Trade winds

Answer 31

Reliable winds that only flows from east to west

Question 32

Polar easterlies

Answer 32

Winds in polar area east to west

Question 33

High pressure systems

Answer 33

High air pressure that pushes air into lower pressure areas

Question 34

Low pressure system

Answer 34

Warm air rises causing low pressure

Question 35

El Niño

Answer 35

When weak trade winds cause upwelling to stop and warm water temperatures to rise

Question 36

La Niña

Answer 36

Trade winds are strong, upwelling increases, cold water

Question 37

Down welling

Answer 37

Top surface is denser that water beneath it and so it sinks

Question 38

Upwelling

Answer 38

Cold water rises

Question 39

Convergent oceanic-oceanic

Answer 39

Marianas trench

Question 40

Contenint-oceanic convergent

Answer 40

Nazca plates (Andes)

Question 41

Continental - continental convergent

Answer 41

Himalayan mountains

Question 42

Divergent

Answer 42

Mid Atlantic ridge

Question 43

Transform boundary

Answer 43

San Andreas fault