Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APES > Unit 1 - Ecosystems, Biomes, Cyles > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Ecosystems, Biomes, Cyles Flashcards

1
Q

Autotroph/producer

A

Organisms that can make their own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. (Plants/algae other organisms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biome

A

A distinct geographical region with specific climate, vegetation, and wildlife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Boreal Forest

A

A forest biome made up of primarily of coniferous evergreen trees that can tolerate cold winters and short growing seasons. Has subarctic biome has a very cold climate, short growing periods dictated by temperature and precipitation. Poor soil nutrients, slow decomp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chaparral

A

Scrubland, biome characterized by hot dry summers, mild, rainy winters. 12 month growing season, but growth is constrained by precipitation, relatively low temperatures in winter. Wild fire is an extremely important for cycling nutrients, plants of this biome are well adapted to both fire and drought.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Climate Diagrams

A

display monthly temperature and precipitation values, help determine the productivity of a biome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Climatograph

A

Graphical representation of a location’s basic climate, display 2 variables: monthly average temp and monthly average precipitation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Commensalism

A

One species benefits, other isn’t impacted. Positive - neutral interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Competition

A

Most common interaction in an ecosystem, occurs any time there is shared use of a limited resource. Negative-Negative interaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Between members of different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Between members of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Consumer

A

Can’t make its own food must eat other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carnivor

A

A consumer that eat other consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secondary consumer

A

A carnivor that eats primary consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Primary consumers

A

Eats producers (herbivores)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tertiary consumer

A

Carnivore that eats secondary consumer (top consumer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trophic levels

A

The successive levels of organisms consuming one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Food chain

A

Sequence of consumption from producers through tertiary consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Food webs

A

More complex representation of trophic relation rather than simple food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Decomposers

A

Fungi and bacteria that convert organic matter into small elements and molecules that can be recycled back into the ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Detritivore

A

An organism that specializes in breaking down dead tissues and waste products into smaller particles for decomposers the break down into recyclable matter (bugs and maggots)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Scavenger

A

An organism that consumes dead animals, example vultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Desert

A

A biome where little precipitation occurs, lack/less plants, 3 types of desert: tundra, cold desert, and subtropical desert.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ecological restoration

A

An attempt to recreate, initiate, or accelerate the rate at which an ecosystem that has been disrupted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fundamental niche

A

The niche that is potentially occupied by a species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Realized niche

A

The portion of the fundamental niche that a species actually occupies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Mutualism

A

Both animals in interaction benefit. ++interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism benefits from interaction, other suffers. +- interaction. Separate from predation, interaction doesn’t end in death typically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Predation

A

Predator eats prey, +- interaction where animal dies and becomes energy for other animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

The total mass of living matter in a specific area. Trophic pyramid is a representation of the distribution of biomass among trophic levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pyramid of energy

A

Calculates how much energy transfers between each level of the food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

resource partitioning

A

When different organisms within one ecosystem split or use resources at different times to avoid competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

tropical seasonal forest/savanna

A

A biome marked by warm temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons. Soil in biome is fertile due to high decomp rates but the low amount of precipitation constrains plants from using the soil. Grasses and scattered deciduous trees are common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Symbiosis

A

A close relationship between two species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Temperate deciduous (or seasonal) forests

A

A biome with warm summers and cold winters, dominated by broad leaf deciduous trees such as beech, maple, oak, and hickory. Warmer summers favor decomp and soil generally contain more nutrients than those of boreal forests.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Temperate grasslands/ cold deserts

A

A biome characterized by cold harsh winters and hot/dry summers. Most biomass is found in the roots. Growth constrained by temp and precipitation. plants include non-woody plants and grasses well adapted to wildfires and frequent grazing animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Temperate Rainforests

A

a costal biome typified by moderate temperatures and high precipitation. Ocean currents moderate temp fluctuations and provide source of water vapor. High precipitation supports growth of very large trees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Tropical rainforests

A

A warm and wet biome, with little seasonal temperature variation and high precipitation. Precipitation occurs frequently warm and wet temps with little temperature variation. Contains more biodiversity per hectare than any other terrestrial biome. Contain up to 2/3s of earths terrestrial species.

38
Q

Tundra

A

A cold and treeless biome with low-growing vegetation. In winter soil is completely frozen. A tundras growing season is very short usually only about 4 months during summer. Underlying subsoil is a permafrost.

39
Q

Limnetic zone

A

A zone of open water in lakes and ponds, where plants don’t emerge

40
Q

Littoral zone

A

The shallow zone of soil and water in lakes and ponds where most algae and emergent plants grow

41
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Floating algae

42
Q

Profundal zone

A

A region of water where sunlight does not reach below the limnetic zone in very deep lakes

43
Q

Benthic zone

A

The muddy bottom of a lake, pond, or ocean

44
Q

Wetlands

A

Aquatic biome that is submerged or saturated by water for at least part of each year, but shallow enough to support emergent vegetation. some of the most productive biomes on earth. Wetlands are crucial for amphibious and avian animals.

45
Q

Coal reefs

A

most divers marine biome on earth. Found in warm shallow waters beyond the shoreline. Relatively low in nutrients and food. Coral bleaching a phenomenon in which algae inside corals die due to heat stress causing corals to turn white.

46
Q

Estuaries

A

The tidal mouth of a larger river where the tide meets the stream. Salt marshes are associated with estuaries they are high in nutrients and low in salinity. (SALT MARSH NOT ESTUARIES)

47
Q

Harmful algae bloom

A

Blooms of algae growth that can produce toxins that disrupt the environment. Caused by excess nutrients (fertilizers)

48
Q

Intertidal zone

A

Narrow band of coastline between the levels of high tide and low tide. Waves that crash onto the shore in this biome can make it a challenge for organisms to hold on and not get washed away.

49
Q

mangrove swamp

A

A swamp that occurs along tropical and subtropical coast, and contains salt tolerant trees with roots submerged in water. Help protect the coastlines from erosion and storm damage.

50
Q

Open oceans

A

Deep ocean waters located away from the shoreline where sunlight can no longer reach the ocean bottom.

51
Q

Photic zone

A

The upper layer of ocean water in the ocean that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis

52
Q

Aphotic zone

A

the deeper layer of ocean water that lacks sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis

53
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

A process used by some bacteria in the ocean to generate energy without sunlight via hydrogen sulfide and methane.

54
Q

Ammonification

A

The process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers break down the organic nitrogen found in dead bodies and waste products and convert it into inorganic ammonium

55
Q

Aquifer

A

A body of permeable rock that contains ground water

56
Q

Assimilation

A

The process by which producers incorporate elements into their tissues

57
Q

Biochemical cycles

A

A cycle of matter is the movement and transformation of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the soil.

58
Q

Biomass

A

The total mass of all living matter in a specific area.

59
Q

Biosphere

A

A world wide sum of all ecosystems and biomes

60
Q

Carbon cycle

A

The movement of carbon around the biosphere

61
Q

Denitrification

A

The conversion of nitrate to gases nitrous oxide and eventually nitrogen gas. Which is emitted into the atmosphere.

62
Q

Ecosystem

A

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

63
Q

Eutrophication

A

A term describing the process in which nutrients accumulates in a body of water causing increased availability of limiting factor causing increase in plant and algae growth

64
Q

Evaporation

A

liquid changing to gas

65
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

The combined amount of evaporation and into streams and rivers

66
Q

Atmosphere

A

A layer of gasses held in place by gravity

67
Q

Feedback loop

A

A part of a system in which some portion of the systems pair is used as input for future operations output loop back to input

68
Q

Gross primary production (GPP)

A

The total amount of solar energy that producers in an ecosystem capture by producers via photosynthesis over a given amount of time

69
Q

Net primary productivity (NNP)

A

The energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus the energy producers respire

70
Q

Groundwater

A

Water present beneath earths surface in the rock and could pores and fissures

71
Q

Infiltration

A

The process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil

72
Q

Haber-Bosch process

A

The primary method in producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen

73
Q

Hydronic cycle

A

Involves the continuous circulation of water in the earth-atmosphere system

74
Q

Hydrosphere

A

The sum of earth’s water in the ocean, the ground, and the surface/atmosphere

75
Q

hypoxia

A

Insufficient amount of oxygen at the tissue level to maintain homeostasis

76
Q

Legume plants

A

Plants that produce beans lintels and peas

77
Q

Lithosphere

A

The ridged outer part of earths surface, consisting of the upper mantel and crust

78
Q

Nitrification

A

The conversion of ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate happens in the soil through nitrifying bacteria

79
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

The movement of nitrogen around the biosphere

80
Q

leaching

A

The transportation of dissolved molecules through soil via ground water

81
Q

Mineralization

A

The process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers break down the organic matter in dead bodies and convert it into inorganic compounds

82
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

a process by which some organisms can convert nitrogen gas molecules directly into ammonia happens via soil or roots

83
Q

Nutrients cycles

A

Key nutrients necessary for life regularly cycle through the ecosystem

84
Q

Phosphorus cycle

A

The movement of phosphorus around the biosphere

85
Q

Precipitation

A

Rain fall/water

86
Q

Productivity

A

The rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem

87
Q

Recharge zone

A

Areas where water infiltrates through the permeable rock and sediment, water reaches aquifer and refills it

88
Q

Runoff

A

Water that moves across the land surface and into steams and rivers

89
Q

Sediments

A

Naturally occurring material that is broken down by erosion and is transported via water or wind

90
Q

Transpiration

A

The release of water from leaves during photosynthesis

91
Q

Water table

A

An underground boundary between the soil surface and the area where groundwater saturates spaces between sediments and cracks in the rock

APES (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions