Unit 4 Flashcards
King Caucus
A closed door meeting of political party’s leaders in congress who nominate candidates for office. End with National Convention’s beginning.
Universal Male Suffrage
After 1820’s; allowed all white men to vote instead of just rich white men.
Spoils System
Used by Jackson; all in office he didn’t like were fired. Instead, hired people he had personal ties with to work in office
Rotation in Office
Charge
John Q. Adams
Sixth president; not very good, only served one term. Used corrupt bargain to beat Jackson in election
Andrew Jackson
Seventh president; democrat; known as King Andrew. Opposed by Whigs. Doesn’t get along with Biddle, Adams, Marshall, Calhoun, or Clay. Spoils system. Cause of Trail of Tears
Corrupt Bargain
In the election of 1824 Adams payed people to vote for him (electoral) causing Jackson to lose election
Tariff of 1828
Used to protect industry in the Northern US. Disliked by southerners. Made south buy the births products instead of foreign cheaper products.
Peggy Eaton Affair
Benefitted Van Buren. Calhoun was fired because he didn’t accept John Eaton and his new wife. Because Van Buren quickly befriended them he was chosen to suceed Jackson
Indian Removal Act 1830
Trail of Tears. Removed the 5 civilized tribes. By Jackson to send Indians to OK. Cherokee sued and Marshall ruled unconstitutional. Jackson ignored him.
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia
Showed Jackson - Marshall rivalry. Marshall ruled Indian Removal Act unconstitutional. Jackson said he had the power and enforced act anyway
Worcester v. Georgia
Case which US Supreme Court vacated conviction of Worcester and held GA criminal stature prohibited non Indians from being on Indian land.
Trail of Tears
Result of Indian Removal act. Moved Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Choctaw to OK.
Nullification Crisis
Jackson wanted to reduce concentration of power in east and spread it democratically. Calhoun said laws could be determined unconstitutional by states.
Webster-Hayne Debates
Hayne argued tariffs made east tyrannical; supported nullification. Webster believed nullification was treason.
John C. Calhoun
Jackson’s vice-president; known for feuds with Jackson. Supported nullification of laws by states that were seen as unconstitutional.
Nicolas Biddle
Chairman of BUS; feuded with Jackson; tried to recharter BUS for 2nd time. Jackson felt it allowed too much power in one institution and east. He removed governments money from BUS and redistributed it to states.
Whig Party
Originally opposed Jackson; later opposed Democrats. Named because Whigs in colonial time opposed the King & Jackson acted as if he was a King. Second major party in Jacksonian America.
Roger Taney
Ruled Charles River Bridge vs. Warren Bridge. The object of government was to promote general happiness. Showed Jackson’s idea that democracy was an expansion of economic opportunity. Supreme Court Justice.
Removal of Deposits
Jackson removed the US deposits in the BUS to weaken it. Redistributed money to the states.
Pet Banks
State banks where Jackson place the governments deposits while trying to fail the rechartering of the BUS
Specie Circular
Passed by Jackson. Required land to be bought with only metal money backed by silver and gold.
Panic of 1837
Massive strain on banks after specie circular. Unemployment skyrocketed. Blamed on Van Buren. Also due to westward movement.
Martin Van Buren
Nicknamed “Van Ruin.” Hand selected by Jackson and the Democrats. Whigs had a split vote so he won. Panic of 1837 destroyed political career. 8th President, only served one term.
Log Cabin & Hard Cider Campaign
Campaign the Whigs cast so William Henry Harrison could win election. Made Harrison out to be a simple man who lived in a log cabin & drank hard cider. In reality, Harrison was wealthy and one of the elite. Campaign ended up being successful and Harrison won.
Henry David Thoreau “On Civil Disobedience”
Leading Concord transcendentalist and repudiated the repressive forces of society. Responded by building a small cabin in the woods of Concord to live. Insisted he wouldn’t give financial support to a government who permitted slavery. Showed public refusal to obey unjust laws
Brooke Farm/George Ripley
Established by George Ripley, a transcendentalist from Boston. Established an experimental community in West Roxbury, MA (1841). In the community, individuals would gather to create a new form of social organization which would permit every member of the community full opportunity for self-realization. In 1847, a fire destroyed central building and experiment dissolved.
Shakers
Founded by Mother An Lee in 1770’s. Redefined traditional sexual and gender roles in the society. Attracted large following in antebellum period. More than 20 communities in NE and NW in the 1840’s. Had to voluntarily join faith. Supported gender equality.
New Harmony/Robert Owen
Scottish industrialist and philosopher who founded experimental community in IN in 1825 which he named New Harmony. A village of cooperation; everyone live and worked as equals. Economic failure but inspired many.
Oneida Community/John H. Noyes
Established in Upstate NY by Noyes. Redefined gender roles. Perfectionists. Rejected tradition notions of family and marriage. All were married to all others. Women protected from unwanted child bearing and children raised within the community.
Charles Fourier/Phalanxes
Former French philosopher. Ideas of socialist communities as cooperation phalanxes. Received wide attention in US
Horace Greely
Penny paper writer. Founded NY tribune in 1841. Major antislavery leader and a Republican presidential candidate. Hired some of most important writers line Dara, Fuller, James and Howells. Prided itself in serious reporting.
American Temperature Society
Women Active in temperance movement. Claimed alcoholism places special burden on wives; men spent money on alcohol that their families needed to survive. Drunken husbands often abused wives and kids. Millions signed a pledge to forgo hand liquor.
Washingtonians
Invaded relying on each other sharing alcoholic experience and relying on divine help to help each other sober. Total abstinence was goal. Taught sobriety and proceeded alcoholic anonymous by 100 years.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Worked for legislation to moderate the use of intoxicating drink despite their ability to vote. Linked drinking to poverty, adultery, social crime, and domestic violence.
Dorthea Dix
NE teacher and author who spoke against the inhumane treatment of insane prisoners. Traveled over 60,000 miles in 8 years gathering info for her reports that brought about changes in treatments. Concept that insanity was a disease of the mind not willfully perverse act by individual.
Horace Mann
US education reformer and member of US house of Reps from 1848 - 1853. Brother in law to Nathaniel Hawthorne (their wives were sisters)
Sarah and Angeline Grimke
abolitionist and suffergettes. Came fro SC in an aristocratic family with an Episcopalian judge who owned slaves. Became abolitionists after they converted to Quaker faith and joined the Society of Friend. Angelina wrote antislavery letter to Garrison who published it to the Liberator.
Lucretia Mott
Quaker who attended anti-slavery convention in 1840. Party of women not recognized. She and Cady Stanton called the first Women’s Right Convention in NY in 1848.
Elizabeth Cady Stantion
Member of Women’s Rights Movement in 1840. Mom of 7 and shocked after feminists by advocating sufferage for women at the first Women’s Rights Convention in Serea, NY 1848. “Declaration of Sentiments” declared all men and women to be created equal.
Seneca Falls Convention
First Women’s Rights Convention ever. Declaration of Sentiments was issued. Listed women’s grievances against law customs that discriminated against them.
American Anti-Slavery Society
Founded in 1833 by Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists. Garrison blurred Constitution as proslavery argument. Argued no union with slave holders until they repent by freeing slaves.
William Lloyd/Garrison/The Liberator
Abolitionist who became editor of Boston publication, The Liberator, in 1833. The Liberator had great fame. Attacked everything (slave holding to moderate abolitionists) Also supported northern succession.
Liberty Party
Political Party started during 2 parties systems in 1840’s. Main platform - ending slavery by political and legal means. Originally part of american anti-slavery but split because they believed more practical way to end slavery than Garrison’s moral crusade.
Frederick Douglas/The North Star
African American Abolitionist. Born as slave in MD but escaped to MA in 1838 and became outspoken leader of anti-slavery sentiment and spent 2 years lecturing in England. Returned in 1847 and purchased freedom from MD owner and founded anti-slavery newspaper the North Star in Rochester, NY
