Unit 4

Question 1

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Psychoanalysis

Answer 1

Traditional

Question 2

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Behaviorism

Answer 2

Traditional

Question 3

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Gestalt

Answer 3

Traditional

Question 4

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Humanism

Answer 4

Traditional

Question 5

Traditional or contemporary approach?

CBT

Answer 5

Traditional

Question 6

Traditional or contemporary approach?

ACT

Answer 6

Contemporary

Question 7

Traditional or contemporary approach?

DBT

Answer 7

Contemporary

Question 8

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Positive Psychotherapy

Answer 8

Contemporary

Question 9

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Narrative

Answer 9

Contemporary

Question 10

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Multicultural and Feminist

Answer 10

Contemporary

Question 11

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Integrative

Answer 11

Contemporary

Question 12

What traditional therapy approach?

Main idea: Unconscious needs, desires, and fears, underlie behavior and form personality (and related difficulties)

Therapy: therapist’s interpretations help to provide insight and eventual relief

Method: “talking cure”; free association; dream interpretation; interpretation of transference

more modern version: psychodynamic approach

Answer 12

Psychoanalysis

Question 13

What traditional therapy approach?

emphasized observable behavior and empirical validation

Main Idea: behavior is learned

From this view: It doesn’t always matter if we know how the problem developed, or if there’s insight. Specific behavior is easiest to modify

Specialties: Children, health, CMD, phobias

Goal: to unlearn old behavior and learn new, more adaptive behavior

Method: direct instruction, exposure

Examples: desensitization, ERP (exposure and response prevention)

Answer 13

Behaviorism

Question 14

The key figures of this traditional therapy approach includes:

Ivan Pavlov*
John Garcia
Rosalie Rayner
B.F. Skinner*
Albert Bandura*

Answer 14

Behaviorism

Question 15

Key figured known for classical conditioning

Answer 15

Ivan Pavlov

Question 16

Key figured known for operant conditioning

Answer 16

B. F. Skinner

Question 17

Key figure known for social cognitive theory.

Answer 17

Albert Bandura

Question 18

The key figure of this Traditional therapy approach is Fritz Perls.

Answer 18

Gestalt

Question 19

What traditional therapy approach?

Main Idea: authenticity comes through awareness in the “here and now”; emphasis on body awareness.

Method: therapist observes and provides in the moment feedback to client. Doing is preferable to simply talking.

(Empty Chair technique)

Answer 19

Gestalt

Question 20

What Key Term?

Occurs when an inborn tendency develops-if the environment fosters it.

Answer 20

Self-Actualization

Question 21

Key Term

Warmth, love, and acceptance of those around us

Receiving this = “prizing”

Answer 21

Positive Regard

Question 22

What traditional therapy approach?

Goal: Foster self-actualization
Psychological problems are byproducts of stifled growth, conditions of worth, Congruence

Three elements: empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness

Answer 22

Humanism

Question 23

what Element of Humanism approach?

Involves a deep, nonjudgemental understanding of client’s experiences

Client-centered therapy emphasizes this understanding

can have a positive impact on client

Answer 23

Empathy

Question 24

what Element of Humanism approach?

Full acceptance of another person “no matter what”

Facilitates higher levels of congruence and self-actualization

Humanistic therapists accept clients entirely and unconditionally

Answer 24

Unconditional positive regard

Question 25

what Element of Humanism approach? Also called therapist congruence helps therapists establish relationships that feel "real" humanists encourage a relatively high degree of transparency by the therapist

Answer 25

Genuineness

Question 26

Empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness are _______, not behaviors.

Answer 26

attitudes

Question 27

Some Key figures of this therapy include Aaron Beck Albert Ellis Norman Cotterell Judith Beck

Answer 27

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Question 28

What traditional therapy approach? Focuses on behavioral change through changing dysfunctional thought processes. emphasizes Relationship between Automatic thoughts and core beliefs/behaviors. Main Idea: Activating events lead to Beliefs (thoughts) which lead to Consequences (behaviors) Therapy: examining thinking patterns and challenging/disrupting errors and replacing them with thoughts that are rationale, positive, and helpful

Answer 28

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Question 29

This Key Figure is a co-developer of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), a popular evidence-based form of psychotherapy that uses mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based methods.

Answer 29

Steven Hayes

Question 30

What contemporary therapy approach? Developed in 1980's and known as a "Third-wave therapy" (aka an offshoot of CBT) Main theory: it is counterproductive to try to control our emotions. Avoiding or suppression of these feelings actually leads to more distress. Rather than avoiding, try accepting!

Answer 30

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Question 31

What contemporary therapy approach follows the main idea: We can live with a range of emotions and thoughts; "what we resist, persists". Thoughts are just words and stories we tell ourselves.

Answer 31

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Question 32

How does ACT approach the idea about whether thoughts are true or not?

Answer 32

It doesn't matter if a thought is true or not, it matters if it's helpful.

Question 33

What Key term? -Awareness of the present moment -Full engagement in present activity -Non-judgemental awareness of thoughts, emotions, senses

Answer 33

Mindfulness

Question 34

What contemporary therapy approach utilizes: -Acceptance/expansion (making room for unpleasant feelings and sensations) -Mindfulness and "Defusion" -Values clarification and committed action

Answer 34

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Question 35

This Key figure created dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a type of psychotherapy that combines cognitive restructuring with acceptance, mindfulness, and shaping.

Answer 35

Marsha Linehan

Question 36

What contemporary therapy approach? Developed in 1970s as a “third- wave CBT” -Originally developed for people with chronic suicidality and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) -Still the only therapy that has strong empirical support for treating BPD. But, it is also helpful with other concerns

Answer 36

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Question 37

What contemporary therapy approach has the main idea: -Emotion-regulation difficulties are the core of serious dysfunction -People can learn healthier ways of reacting and relating.

Answer 37

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Question 38

What contemporary therapy approach utilizes Emotion-regulation and for learning new skills: -Distress tolerance (radical acceptance, self-soothing, etc.) -includes exposure to feared situations, and skills training in group and individual. -Emphasis on dialectics and reduction of dichotomous thinking. (The Power of AND) -incorporates mindfulness and validation

Answer 38

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Question 39

What Contemporary therapy approach is defined as "issues that arise for minority groups (e.g. oppression, racism, marginalization) are relevant for mental illness and should be acknowledged during therapy.

Answer 39

Multicultural therapy

Question 40

What Contemporary therapy approach includes "mental health can be understood through an individual's social and cultural identities and the political environment in which they live".

Answer 40

Feminist therapy

Question 41

What contemporary therapy approaches (2): -emphasize contextual features Common presenting issues: Interpersonal violence, family and career issues, body image.

Answer 41

Multicultural and Feminist

Question 42

What contemporary therapy approaches (2) has the Main ideas: -empowerment -egalitarian relationships -appropriate self-disclosure and mutuality -therapist seeks to understand, acknowledge, and process identities and cultural values with client

Answer 42

Multicultural and Feminist

Question 43

What contemporary therapy approach: -combines 2+ approaches Main idea: Each client is unique, and can benefit form a unique type of therapy. Emphasizes common factors.

Answer 43

Integrative

Question 44

True or False: The vast majority of therapists do not stick to just 1 approach, but draw from many depending on the client and the presenting concern. For an Integrative approach, it's common to combine CBT with other therapies, like humanisitic or psychodynamic.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Does the therapist's degree predict effectiveness?

Answer 45

Not really, no

Question 46

Does the therapist's age or gender predict effectiveness?

Answer 46

not really, but older adults and women are rated slightly higher

Question 47

Does the therapist's expereince predict effectiveness?

Answer 47

not much after the initial steep learning curve. most therapists perceive themselves as better over time and they become more confident.

Question 48

Does the therapist's personal experience with the client's issue predict effectiveness?

Answer 48

not really, except for when the client perceives it as important to the alliance and when it builds trust

Question 49

does the therapists need to share the same characteristics and identities as their clients to be effective?

Answer 49

not really (with some exceptions)

Question 50

Is there a particularly effective therapist personality?

Answer 50

not that researchers can identify, but remember our earlier discussions on personality

Question 51

Does interpersonal skills matter?

Answer 51

YES!

Question 52

Which of the Big 5 dimensions relate to interpersonal skills?

Answer 52

Extraversion and agreeableness

Question 53

What makes a good therapist?

Answer 53

ability to build rapport, trust, and alliance warmth, genuiness ability to read and identify emotions verbal processing skills

Question 54

What are the best predictors of treatment effectiveness?

Answer 54

Severity of symptoms**** extra-therapeutic factors readiness for change (stage of change) client's expectations of success client has specific goals active engagement and participation

Question 55

a "transtheoretical model" to assess a client's readiness to change and informs a therapist about what to do Precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance relapse

Answer 55

Stages of change

Question 56

What stage of change? Build rapport raise consciousness about the issue

Answer 56

Precontemplation

Question 57

What stage of change? explore and validate ambivalence, highlighting the pros and cons of change

Answer 57

contemplation

Question 58

What stage of change? strengthen commitment prepare an action plan

Answer 58

preparation

Question 59

What stages of change? enhance self-efficacy build supportive relationships

Answer 59

action and maintenance

Question 60

What stage of change? emphasize learning and jumping back in

Answer 60

relapse

Question 61

when researching therapy, which studies use experimental, highly controlled research testing types of therapy?

Answer 61

Efficacy studies

Question 62

when researching therapy, which studies use correlational, usually from survey data or naturally-occuring data

Answer 62

effectiveness studies

Question 63

empirical outcomes of therapies shows that competing therapies work about equally well common factors across all forms of psychotherapy

Answer 63

The Dodo Bird Effect

Question 64

Many of the therapies that exist have things in ________ that account for more of the treatment effectiveness than the specific methods being used examples: Hope Shared Goals Empathy Affirmation Genuiness Motivation

Answer 64

Common Factors

Question 65

The relationship between therapist and client most crucial single aspect of therapy best predictor of therapy outcome facilitates positive change reciprocal relationship between client and therapist

Answer 65

Therapeutic alliance