Unit 3 Flashcards
Scientific study of
- Cognition and emotion
- behavior
- individual differences
- mental processes
- observable mental life
Pyschology defined today
What 3 components determines mental disorders?
- Subjectivity
- Social Construction
- Cultural values
What are the 4 D’s?
Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
Danger
Of the 4 D’s, what component strays from what we consider from the “norm”?
Deviance
Of the 4 D’s, what component causes the individual discomfort?
Distress
Of the 4 D’s, what component interferes with many aspects of their life?
Dysfunction
Of the 4 D’s, what component refers to harm to self, not necessarily others?
Danger
Personality disorders are characterized by lack of which of the 4 D’s?
Distress
Which of the 4 D’s must be met for a mental illness criteria?
Dysfunction
Our idea of what constitues “normal” from “abnormal” behavior is shaped by our culture. We must be aware of cultural values to better understand mental illness.
cultural relativism
How have we historically tried to understand psychology?
- Supernatural - demonic possession
- Biological - “somatogenesis” (bodily fluid)
- the Mind - Psychogenesis
How was psychological conditions treated when the understanding was “supernatural”?
Trephination - drilling holes in the skull to allow demons to escape
How was psychological conditions treated when the understanding was “biological”?
based on Hippocrates theory of bodily fluid using the “four humors” (color of the fluid).
A Dutch physician from the 16th century whom coined the term “mental illness”.
Johann Weyer
The understanding of which disease, in the 19th century, propelled current thought about the biological view of mental illness?
a. Syphilis
b. Yellow fever
c. Influenza
d. Fibromyalgia
a. Syphilis
who promoted the idea that suffering is the result of mental activity well before Sigmund Freud?
Buddha
How have we historically attempted to “treat” mental illness?
- Lunatic asylum - 15th-16th century
- State/Public hospitals - later in the US
- Antipsychotics - 1950s
who ordered the unchaining of asylum patients at the “Paris Asylum for Insane Women” (1795) and is known as the father of modern psychology by attempting to creating a diagnostic system for various mental illness?
Phillipe Pinel
Who lobbied for moral treatment in the US during the 19th century and established approx 40 hospitals during her time?
Dorothea Dix
what year was the DSM (I) first ever published?
1952
What were the controversies of the first DSM published in 1952?
Reliability was poor
Included comments (from Freud) on etiology such as “psychoanalytic ‘reactions’” or defense mechanisms
Did not include childhood disorders (autism, ADHD, etc.)
Homosexuality was classified as a “sexual deviation” disorder included in the sociopathic umbrella
What year was the DSM II published?
1968
What was added to DSM II that was not in DSM I?
Homosexuality was declassified as it’s own disorder but was replaced with its own code “individuals distressed with their own sexual practices”
Childood B disorder included using terms “retardation”
What year was the DSM III published?
1980
What was new about the DSM III?
Improved specificity and reliability
Acknowledgement of culture
“Atheoretical” - limited imperical evidence for disorders
What year was the International classification of diseases (ICD-10) published?
1993
What does the ICD-10 include?
physical and mental codes used by a majority of a the world
What year was the DSM-IV published?
1994
What is important about the ICD-10 and DSM-IV?
The first attempt at syncing mental health codes.
Goal of a worldwide system of nosology for mental health codes
Who uses ICD-10?
majority of the world
Who uses the DSM version?
US
What year was the DSM-V published?
2013
What revisions does the DSM-V include?
many updates including
- changed “mental retardation” to Intellectual disability
-reorganized Autism Spectrum Disorder to be more encompassing
-revised ADHD to exhibit symptoms to before Age 13 (instead of 7)
-included Gambling disorder
-Homosexuality verbiage was removed completely
What are benefits, or pros, of the DSM?
-Standardization of language and criteria
- reliability
-direction for treatment
-validation
What are drawbacks, or cons, of the DSM?
-stigmatization
-pathologizing (or scary)
-reliance on medical model
-no universal idea of mental health
What are some of the cultural barriers you can think of considering mental health care?
-Stigma
-discrimination
-lack of cultural compentency
-language barriers
-financial constraints
Symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture.
9 types listed in the Appendix of DSM-5
providers in the US can’t actually diagnose these
Culture-Bound Syndromes
Is poverty related to risk for mental illness?
yes, poverty is the biggest risk factor
