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Bio > UNIT 4 > Flashcards

UNIT 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the macro molecule that holds our genetic material

A

nucleic acid

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2
Q

makes up nucleic acids

A

nucleotide

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3
Q

tightly coiled strands of DNA

A

chromosome

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4
Q

a section of the DNA

A

gene

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5
Q

short pieces of RNA to help get the DNA polymerase started

A

RNA primer

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6
Q

short pieces of DNA

A

okazaki fragments

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7
Q

the process of reading the instructions in DNA to make a polypeptide

A

protein synthesis

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8
Q

a chain of amino acids; can bind to others and fold into a protein

A

polypeptide

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9
Q

are nucleotide sequences that CARRYS INFOMATION for protein synthesis

A

exons

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10
Q

what happens in the NUCLEUS; DNA->mRNA; DNA is COPIED into a complementary strand of mRNA

A

transcripton

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11
Q

a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and INTERUPTS the sequence of genes.

A

introns

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12
Q

code of instructions for how to make proteins

A

genetic code

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13
Q

set of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA

A

codon

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14
Q

COMPLEMENTARY 3 nucleotides to tRNA

A

anticodon

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15
Q

what happens in the RIBOSOMES; mRNA -> polypeptide; interpreting the RNA MESSAGE into a polypeptide to make a protein

A

translation

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16
Q

monomer; the BUILDING BLOCKS for making proteins, held together by peptide bonds

A

amino acid

16
Q

2 full sets of chromosomes (2n)
2n=46

A

diploid

17
Q

the study of changes in gene expression that are heritable; very different from mutations

A

epigenetics

18
Q

1 full set of chromosomes (n)
n=23

A

haploid

19
Q

a diagram that shows the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in a cell

A

karyotype

20
Q

the process of cell division that makes gametes in the gonads

A

meiosis

21
Q

organisms that reproduce sexually; fuse the genetic information from two parents to produce offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents

A

sexual reproduction

22
Q

the actual fusion of egg and sperm to form a zygote

A

fertilization

23
Q

2 IDENTICAL copies of the SAME chromosome

A

sister chromaTIDS

24
Q

chromosome pairs that have the same types of gene

A

homologous chromosomes

25
Q

DNA–Transcription–>RNA–Translation–> PROTEIN

A

central dogma

26
Q

crossing over appears. Nuclear membrane breaks down,

A

Prophase 1

27
Q

what happens before Meiosis 1

A

Interphase-> the growth of a cell

28
Q

what is the central Dogma

A

DNA–Transcription–>RNA–Translation–> PROTEIN

29
Q

separates to replicate

A

Helicase

30
Q

New strand goes TOWARDS the replication fork; 5’->3’ ;needs ONE RNA primer

A

Leading strand

31
Q

New strand goes AWAY from replication fork; makes okazaki fragments; stiches fragments together; needs many RNA primers

A

Lagging

32
Q

zips up the strands

A

DNA ligase

33
Q

“old and new” strand is called-
(the gentic ladders where the old one splits in half and new ones bind to it)

A

semi conservative replication

34
Q

what only happens in the LAGGING STRAND and not the leading strand

A

the creation of OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS

Bio (3 decks)

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