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Bio > Heredity > Flashcards

Heredity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

section of DNA

A

genes

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2
Q

different versions of the same gene

A

alleles

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3
Q

2 of the same alleles
EX: AA,aa

A

homozygous

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4
Q

matching chromosomes from mom and dad

A

homologous chromosomes

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5
Q

2 different alleles
EX: Aa

A

heterozygus

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6
Q

If present, allele will always have trait expressed

A

dominant

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7
Q

alleles will only have that trait expressed when the dominant allele is NOT present

A

recessive

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8
Q

the actual alleles you inherit

A

genotype

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9
Q

the physical trait expressed

A

phenotype

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10
Q

a diagram that shows the probability of inheriting traits from parents with certain genes

A

punnett squares

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11
Q

a cross between two organisms looking at one trait

A

monohybrid cross

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12
Q

used when finding the possible genotypes for offspring when considering two traits at the same time.

A

dihybrid cross

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13
Q

genes are located on chromosomes and the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance

A

chromosome theory of inheritance

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14
Q

artificially breeding organisms with a desired trait

A

selective breeding

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15
Q

when one gene overshadows another

A

epistasis

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16
Q

a person that has the gene for a trait or disease but doesn’t show it

A

carrier

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17
Q

any change in DNA

A

mutation

18
Q

chemicals that can cause DNA mutations

A

mutagen

19
Q

pieces of nonhomologous chromosomes exchange segments (during crossing over)

A

translocation

20
Q

changes the size of chromosomes and results in multiple copies of single gene

A

duplication

21
Q

chromosomes do not separate correctly during anaphase resulting in 1 or 3 chromosomes rather than two

A

nondisjunction

22
Q

chart used to trace the phenotypes and genotypes in a family to determine whether people carry disease or traits

A

pedigree

23
Q

any technology used to change the genetic makeup of living things to make products

A

biotechnology

24
Q

direct manipulation of an organism genome using biotechnology

A

genetic engineering

25
Q

articially made DNA from two or more different sources

A

recombinat DNA

26
Q

an organisms complete set of DNA; all of its genes

A

Genome

27
Q

show the location of genes on a chromosome

A

gene map

28
Q

used to cut strands of DNA at specific locations

A

restriction enzymes

29
Q

produces multiple identical of a gene

A

gene cloneing

29
Q

a technique that allows you to copy a piece of DNA without a cell

A

polymerase chain reaction

30
Q

a laboratory method that uses an electric current to separate DNA fragments based on their molecular sized

A

gel electrophoresis

31
Q

the process of inserting recombinant DNA into host cells

A

transformation

32
Q

inserting a normal gene to fix an absent or abnormal gene

A

gene therapy

33
Q

a gene editing technique that helps us to understand the genetics behind many diseases

A

CRISPR

34
Q

undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become anything

A

stem cells

35
Q

producing pharmaceuticals in farm animals or plants

A

Pharming

36
Q

organisms altered by recombinant DNA technology for desired traits

A

GMO

37
Q

crossing individuals that are closely related

A

Inbreeding

38
Q

selective breeding between unrelated organisms

A

Hybridization

39
Q

some versions of genes are dominant over others

A

law of dominance

40
Q

chromosomes line up randomly during metaphase therefore it is possible for any combination of chromosomes to be passed on from parent to offspring

A

law of independent assortment

41
Q

at the end of meiosis, each gamete formed should only have 1 copy from each homologous chromosomes pair

A

law of segregation

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