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CPH LAB > UNIT 4 > Flashcards

UNIT 4 Flashcards

1
Q

It has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), as: “the state of mental, physical and social well being, and does not merely connote the absence of illness.”

A

HEALTH

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2
Q

It is derived from the word heal (hael) which means “whole”, signaling that health concerns the whole person and his or her integrity, or well-being?

A

HEALTH

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3
Q

It is the absence of symptoms in an individual may not necessarily connote a healthy condition (purpose of further medical examination/lab tests.)

A

HEALTH

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4
Q

T/F: The Uses of Health Indicators is to identify public health problems & needs.

A

T

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5
Q

T/F: The Uses of Health Indicators is to determine factors that control to causation & control of diseases.

A

T

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6
Q

T/F: The Uses of Health Indicators is to Indicate priorities for not resourcing allocation.

A

F

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7
Q

T/F: The Uses of Health Indicators is to Monitor the implementation of health programs.

A

T

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8
Q

T/F: The Uses of Health Indicators is to Evaluate outcomes of health programs.

A

T

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9
Q

What is the mathematical & statistical study of the size, composition & spatial distribution of human populations & of changes over time?

A

DEMOGRAPHY

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10
Q

Give Uses of Demography.

A
  1. To determine the number & distribution of a population in certain area for planning, priority setting & for purposes of fund allocation.
  2. To determine growth (or decline) & dispersal of population in the past.
  3. To establish a “causal relationship” between population trends & various aspects of social organization.
  4. To predict future developments & their possible consequences.
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11
Q

In Sex composition, It Compares the number of males to the number of females.

A

Sex Ratio

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12
Q

In Sex composition, It Compares the sex ratio across different categories/levels of another characteristic.

A

Sex Structure

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13
Q

In Age Composition, It is The value which cuts-off the upper 50% and lower 50% of the ages of the population.

A

Median Age

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14
Q

In Age Composition, It is Used to gauge whether the population is young or old.

A

Median Age

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15
Q

A graphical presentation of the age and sex composition of the population.

A

Population Pyramid

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16
Q

It Also enables one to explain and describe the demographic trends of the population in the past.

A

Population Pyramid

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17
Q

How to construct a Population Pyramid?

A

1.Compute the percentage of the population falling in each age-sex group using the total population, that is, males and females combined) as the denominator.
2. Each group is represented by a horizontal bar. The first bar representing the youngest age group is drawn at the base of the pyramid.
3. The bars for males are traditionally presented on the left side of the central vertical axis while bars for females are presented on the right side.
4. The length of each bar corresponds to the percent (%) of the population falling in the specific age and sex group being plotted.

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18
Q

In Population Pyramid, what is the High birth rate; rapid fall in each upwards age group due to high death rates; short life expectancy.

A

Stage 1- expanding

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19
Q

In Population Pyramid, what is the High birth rate; fall in death rate as more living in middle age; slightly longer life expectancy.

A

Stage 2- expanding

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20
Q

In Population Pyramid, what is the Declining birth rate; low death rate; more people living to old age.

A

Stage 3- stationary

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21
Q

In Population Pyramid, what is the Low birth rate; low death rate; higher dependency ratio; longer life expectancy.

A

Stage 4-contracting

22
Q

Relative magnitude of quantities or a comparison of any two values.

A

Ratio

23
Q

Calculated by dividing one interval or ratio scale variable by the other.

A

Ratio

24
Q

The numerator and denominator need not be related.

A

Ratio

25
Q

It is the Comparison of a part to the whole.

A

Proportion

26
Q

A type of ratio in which the numerator is included in the denominator.

A

Proportion

27
Q

It can be Expressed in decimal, fraction, or a percentage.

A

Proportion

28
Q

It Measures the frequency of disease eventsinapopulation during a specific time period.

A

Rate

29
Q

It means how fast something is happening or going (how quickly disease occurs in a population).

A

Rate

30
Q

It Describes how quickly disease occurs in a population and this is Useful for comparing disease frequency in different locations, at different times, or among different groups with different sized populations.

A

Rate

31
Q

Multiplied by a factor 1,000 or 10,000 or 100,000.

A

Rate

32
Q

Examples of these are Prevalence and Incidence.

A

Health Status Indicators

33
Q

Example of these are Crude and specific death rates, maternal mortality, infant mortality and etc.

A

Health Status Indicators (Mortality)

34
Q

Example of these are Age-Sex Structure of the population, Population Density and Migration.

A

Population Indicators

35
Q

Example of these are Access for health programs and facilities and availability of health resources.

A

Indicators for provision of healthcare

36
Q

Example of these are Cases consulting a health provider, and infants exclusively breast-fed for the first 6 months.

A

Risk Reduction Indicators

37
Q

Level and Distribution of economic wealth, types and levels of employment, school enrollment and adult literacy and availability of housing.

A

Socio and Economic Indicators

38
Q

Quality of suspended particulate matter, portability of drinking water and coliform counts.

A

Examples of Environmental Indicators

39
Q

Measures how fast people are added to the population Crude rate because the denominator is not the population at risk.

A

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

40
Q

Measures rate at which mortality occurs in a given population

A

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

41
Q

The portion of deaths assigned to a specific cause during a given time interval

A

Proportionate Mortality Rate

42
Q

It relates births to women of a certain age to the number of women in that age group.

A

Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR)

43
Q

It is an alternative form of the incidence rate that is used when the nature of a disease or condition is such that a population is observed for a short time period.

A

Attack Rate

44
Q

It is calculated as the number of people who became ill divided by the number of people at risk for illness.

A

Attack Rate

45
Q

It is the special kind of proportionate mortality ratio and a sensitive indicator of the standards of healthcare.

A

SWAROOP’S INDEX

46
Q

It Measures the frequency of existing disease (cases) and Measure the burden of the disease to the community.

A

PREVALENCE (Point Prevalence)

47
Q

T/F: PREVALENCE (Point Prevalence) is the Assess the public health impact of a disease.

A

T

48
Q

It is the Projection of medical care needs and Proportion with the disease at a point in time.

A

PREVALENCE (Point Prevalence)

49
Q

It is to Measures the occurrence of new cases, episodes, events.

A

INCIDENCE

50
Q

2 types of incidence measures.

A
  1. Cumulative incidence or incidence proportion
  2. Incidence density
51
Q

What is the Proportion of “disease” free individuals who contract the “disease within a specified period of time and The average risk of developing the “disease”?

A

Cumulative incidence or incidence proportion

52
Q

Type of incidence that the Rate at which new cases occur and Denominator can either be ave. pop x followup period or the midyear pop.

A

Incidence Density (ID)

CPH LAB (2 decks)

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