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chem 100 final > unit 4 > Flashcards

unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

when the conditions on a system at equilibrium are changed, the system will react to reach a new equilibrium that partially reduces or counteracts the change

A

le chatelier’s principle

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2
Q

describe the development of a chemical equilibrium

A

The faster reaction will gradually become slower
The slower reaction will become faster
Finally, the reaction rates become equal, and the equilibrium is established

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3
Q

what is the effect of temperature on vapor pressure of a substance

A

as temperature increases, pressure increases

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4
Q

according to le chatelier’s principle, what does a system do when conditions on a system at equilibrium are changed

A

the system will react to reach a new equilibrium that partially reduces or counteracts the change

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5
Q

chemical equilibrium can only be reached in a ?

A

closed system

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6
Q

at when is a pH level neutral?

A

7

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7
Q

describe meaning of the pH scale. Higher pH means more ?, lower pH means more ?.

A

higher pH means more basic, lower pH means more acidic

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8
Q

How to calculate the pH from [H+] and vice versa

A

10 raised to the -ph

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9
Q

how to calculate pOH from [OH-] and vice versa

A

kw/h+ or 10^-14/h+ or 10^-pOH

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10
Q

how to calculate [H+] from [OH-] and vice versa

A

[H+] x [OH-] = 1 x 10^-14

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11
Q

how to calculate pH from pOH and vice versa

A

pH + pOH = 14

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12
Q

Definition of an acid and a base according to Bronsted-Lowry

A

Acids: Substances that donates a proton
Base: substances that accept a proton

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13
Q

what are the conditions that affect the rate of a chemical reaction

A

temperature, concentration, catalyst, and inhibitors

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14
Q

describe how temperature affects the rate of a chemical reaction

A

Chemical reactions are faster at higher temperatures and slower at lower temperatures

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15
Q

describe how concentration affects the rate of a chemical reaction

A

The more particles there are in a given volume, the more frequently collisions will occur and the more rapidly the reaction will take place

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16
Q

A third-party substance that speeds up the rate of the reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction, thus enabling more reactant molecules to overcome the energy barrier

A

catalyst

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17
Q

Substances interfere with a normal reaction path from reactants to products, forcing the reaction to a higher activation energy route that is slower

A

inhibitor

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18
Q

what are the 3 energy changes during a molecular collision

A

transition state, potential energy barrier, and activation energy

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19
Q

when two molecules are colliding, they form a ? that has a high potential energy at the top of the hump of the curve

A

transition state

20
Q

the hump is a ? that must be surpassed before a collision can be effective

A

potential energy barrier

21
Q

the minimum kinetic energy a particle must have to enter into a reaction-producing collision

A

activation energy

22
Q

For an individual collision to result in a reaction, the particles must have:

A

enough kinetic energy and proper orientation

23
Q

whatdoes the pH scale represent

A

hydrogen ion concentration

24
Q

acidic solutions have more ?, meaning they have a ? pH

A

more H+, lower pH

25
Q

basic solutions have less ?, meaning they have a ? pH

A

less H+, higher pH

26
Q

a solution is neutral if pH = ….

A

7

27
Q

If [H+] = [OH-] = 10^-7 M, the solution is

A

neutral

28
Q

If [H+] > [OH-]

A

acidic

29
Q

If [H+] < [OH-]

A

basic

30
Q

what is the water constant (Kw) equation

A

Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14

31
Q

the more h+, the more ____ a solution is

A

acidic

32
Q

the more oh-, the more _____ a solution is

A

basic

33
Q

a bronsted lowry base role in proton transfer

A

accepts proton

34
Q

bronsted lowry acid role in proton transfer

A

donates proton

35
Q

a substance that can behave as an acid in one case and base in another

A

amphoteric substance

36
Q

reversible reaction read from right to left

A

reverse reaction

37
Q

reversible reaction read from left to right

A

forward reaction

38
Q

has a sour taste, changes litmus strip to red

A

acid

39
Q

slippery feeling, changes litmus strip to blue

A

base

40
Q

number of equivalents per liter of solution

A

normality

41
Q

normality equation

A

of equivalents/volume (in liters)

42
Q

dilution/solution equation

A

Vc x Mc = Vd x Md

43
Q

amount in moles of solute per volume in liters of solution

A

molarity

44
Q

molarity equation

A

moles solute/liters solution

45
Q

Definition of a base according to Arrhenius.

A

a compound that increases the concentration of hydroxide ion (OH −) in aqueous solution.

chem 100 final (4 decks)

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