Unit 4 Flashcards by Sekrit :>

Scientific study of how humans think, feel and behave

Psychology

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• Procedure known as part of adaptation involves altering or changing the existing schemas
• process of getting new information that is already active in our schemas

Accomodation
Assimilation

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ENUMERATE & EXPLAIN
4 GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY

Describe - what
Explain - why
Predict - what is he going to do
Modify - how

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What are the basic components of Piaget’s cognitive theory

Schemas - mental organization, understand
Adaptation - child’s process
Stages of cognitive development - growing expertise of child’s thought

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The self as ___
Relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity

Cognitive construction
Cognitive

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Swiss clinical psychologist
The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come to acquire and use it

Jean Piaget
Theory of cognitive development

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Modification of a prior schema
Incorporate into an existing schema

Accomodation
Assimilation

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Assimilation to accomodation

Assimilation
Equilibrium
New situation
Disequilibrium
Accomodation

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Stages of Piaget’s

Sensorimotor (0-2) knowledge is 2ru sense
Preoperational (2-5) verbal & egocentric
Concrete operational (6-11) logic & reasoning (limited)
Formal operational (12-up) abstract reasoning - principles and ideals develop

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• Recognition (shape) of an object changes, (volume) remains constant
• Ability to realize objects exist (not being sensed)
• Not being capable of seeing things from another person’s perspective
• Believing that inanimate objects are alive

Conservation
Object permanence
Egocentrism
Animistic thinking

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Enumerate & identity
Development of self concept according to harter
- self in terms of concrete & observable characteristics
- self in terms of trait-like construct
- emergence of more abstract self-definitions
- Having a vision of “possible self)

Early childhood
Middle to later childhood
Adolescence
Emerging adults

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Elaborate on the emergence of self-concept & asserted that wide developmental changes are observed

Dr. Susan Harter

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2 important concepts of self by Harter
Individual perception of self (remains comparatively consistent)
Self-worth which refers to the individual’s overall acceptance of self

Self-concept
Self-esteem

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Enumerate conditions to achieve actualizing tendency

Congruence
Unconditional positive regard
Empathy

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American psychologist founder of humanistic approach to psychology
Asserted all behavior is motivated

Carl Rogers

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Two subsystem of self
One’s view of self as one wishes to be (unhealthy personality)
One’s being & one’s experience that are perceived in awareness

Ideal self
Self concept

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A person is active, creative, experiencing beings who live in the present
Emphasized the active role of the individual

Actualizing tendency
Humanistic

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2 actualizing tendency
People’s willingness to learn. Expressed in a variety of forms.
Includes basic needs such as foods,air, and safety

Need for enhancement
Need for maintenance

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5 stages by Sigmund Freud

Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latency stage
Genital stage

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Father of psychoanalysis
Work - human nature & the unconscious

Sigmund Freud

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3 conscious level

Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious

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Pertain to our current thoughts
Thought that we can bring into our consciousness (conscious perception, unconscious)
contains our instinct (repressed experience)
Develops in early childhood, erogenous zone

Conscious level
Preconscious level
Unconscious level
Psychosexual stages

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Areas of the body that are sensitive to pleasant and sensual feelings

Erogenous zones

0-1yr EZ: mouth
Pleas act : Sucking, biting
Primary object: mother
Oral passive personality
Oral aggressive

Oral stage
Oral incorporative
Oral aggressive/sadistic

1-3 yr EZ: Bowel & bladder control Pleas act: retention of feces Toilet training 2 way child reaction Anal aggressive Anal retentive

Anal stage Anal expulsion Anal retention

3-6 yr EZ: Genitals Pleas act: manipulating genital Evidence of strong narcissism

Phallic stage Phallic personality

6-puberty Safest stage Sublimation: school activities Developing friendship

Latency stage

Puberty to death Freud's ideal of full development Attained if a person has passed the earlier development

Genital stage Genital personality Psychological maturity

Father of american psychology Ground breaking masterpiece "____" Self lies at the center of mental life

William James The principle of psychology

Pure ego Self is aware of its own actions Sense of ___,___,___,___

I-Self Being the agent of behavior Continuity Being unique Awareness of being aware

Self based on observation & experience Physical appearance Social skills Personality

Me-Self Material self Social self Spiritual self

Developed his transactional analysis Everyone has __ parts called ____

Eric Berne 3 parts Ego states in his/her personality

Developmental psychologist Children are very adjusted to their parents feeling & needs

John bowlby & donald winnicott

Concept of self by bowlby & winnicott Our feelings & desires Change its behavior

True self False self

False self One which allows someone to be functional in the society (connected with true self) Fits into society 2ru forced compliane

Healthy false self Unhealthy false self

Buddhism, confucianism, Hinduism, integral yoga, islam, taoism, zen Christianity, rational, scientific, logical schools

Eastern philosophy Western philosophy

Give the 7 eastern philosophy vs western philosophy

Main principles Living principles The “me” concept Search for absolute truth Search for truth and fundamental research Individualism/collectivism Goals and key to success

1. Main principles Life is a service, linear view of the universe Behavioral ethics, cosmological unity

West East

3. The “me” concept The true “me” in every human being is a part of divine… Eternal reality of the universal truth…

West east

4. Search for absolute truth Holistic approach, searching INSIDE… More focused on INDIVIDUAL, searching outside

East West

5. Search for truth & fundamental research Truth is GIVEN not proved, PB&CF weaker Truth needs proved, PB&CF stronger

East West

6. Individualism vs collectivism Individualism is dominant Collectivism is dominant

West East

7. Goals & key to success Materialistic, making money, flaming enthusiasm Spiritual, fulfillment of duties, optimism

West East

Western concept of self - engaged in the tendency toward unitary - acquiring knowledge through the use of deductive reasoning. (Rene, Kant, Pythagoras) - said to have originated in classical Greece - acquiring knowledge through sensory experiences (W. James, D. Hume, J. Locke) - spread from the fall of the roman empire to medieval age. “Seeks to understand God & his relationship with man 2ru reason & logic” (A. Magnus, Augustine, Anselm, T. Aquinas) - inclination to see actually as an aggregate parts

Monotheistic Rationalism Epistemology Empiricism Christian philosophy Analytical

Western concept of self - founded in 3rd century by zeno of cithium & spread throughout Greece. - goal of — is freedom from passion (anguish/suffering) & (apatheia) - discredit explanations that do not use analytic deductive modes of thinking

Stoicism Materialistic

Western concept of self - Often associated with Friedrich Nietzsche, challenges religious doctrines & traditions. - goal is to become an ubermensch (superman) - quality of western thinking where self-expression & self-actualization are essential ways of establishing who one is.

Western nihilism Individualistic

Eastern concept of self -propagated by — in 6th-5th century - state religion of — for over 2 millennia - teaches importance of identifying oneself to the community.

Confucianism Confucius China

Eastern concept of self — men were tasting a pot of vinegar. - What story - taste -,-,- - teachings of - 1 — — - 2 —,—,— - the vinegar represents “——“

3 The story of the three vinegar taster Sour, bitter, sweet Chinese wisdom Confucianism, buddhism, taoism Essence of life

Eastern concept of self -__ highly values men who lived nobly. - noble men called ___ (true nobility) - man has to follow __ principles namely ___

Confucius Junzi 6 Li, Hsiao, Yi, Xin, Jen, Chung

Eastern concept of self - loyalty to one’s family & to one’s country. - Principle of self-restraint. - most important of all principles, being kind & humane - love for the immediate family & then society. - principle of honesty in life - principle of righteousness

Chung Li Jen Hsiao Xin Yi

Eastern concept of self Propagated by siddharta Gautama in India Spread into china Teaches importance of reaching nirvana or removal of suffering (__)

Buddhism 5th century 4th century Dukkha

Eastern concept of self Teaching of buddhism Buddha’s eightfold path 6 right M & C

Right understanding Right thought Right speech Right action Right livelihood Right effort Mindfulness Concentration

The four noble truths

1. All beings are subject to dukkha 2. Dukkha arises from desire & craving 3. Dukkha can be overcome by the elimination of desire & craving 4. There is a way out of dukkha, which is the noble eightfold path.

Propagated bysemi-legendary ___ in 6th century Teachings are respected by both ____ & ____ Upholds those human & animal should live in balance ___ believe in spiritual immortality

Taoism Lao Tzu Confucianism & Buddhism Taoists

3 jewels of Taoism

Compassion Moderation Humility

Principle of __&__ is all things exist as inseparable & contradictory opposite.

Yin and Yang