unit 4

Question 1

olfaction

Answer 1

ability to detect odors

Question 2

odors

Answer 2

the perceptual experiences that derive from the detection of odorants and airborne chemical molecules

Question 3

nostrils

Answer 3

-serve as an entryway into the nasal cavities

Question 4

Nasal Septum

Answer 4

-separated by a wall of cartilage

Question 5

Turbinates

Answer 5

bony knots of tissue that serve to disperse air within the nasal cavity

Question 6

olfactory cleft

Answer 6

the channel at the back of the nasal cavity that funnels air up toward the olfactory epithelium

Question 7

olfactory epithelium

Answer 7

a mucous membrane inside each nostril of the nose that contains receptor cells for the olfactory system

Question 8

macrosmatic

Answer 8

-species that are heavily dependent on their olfactory system
-pigs, bears, and dogs

Question 9

microsmatic

Answer 9

species that are less dependent on their olfactory system
-humans and rely on vision and audition

Question 10

trigeminal nerve

Answer 10

-nerve that is associated with the feel of odorants; also known as the 5th cranial nerve

Question 11

cribriform plate

Answer 11

a perforated section of skull bone that separates the nose from the brain

Question 12

anosmia

Answer 12

-the inability to smell, usually caused by cribriform plate damage

Question 13

olfactory nerve

Answer 13

-the axons of the olfactory receptor neurons that leave the nose and enter the olfactory bulb

Question 14

Glomeruli

Answer 14

-olfactory tract forms synapses with mitral cells and tufted cells

Question 15

amygdala

Answer 15

emotion

Question 16

entorninal

Answer 16

memory

Question 17

piriform

Answer 17

temporal lobe

Question 18

anterior piriform cortex

Answer 18

-associated with representing the chemical structures of odorants
-creates a map of odorants organized by their chemical structure

Question 19

posterior piriform cortex

Answer 19

-associated with an odors quality
-groups together odors that smell similar to us

Question 20

right oribotofrontal cortex

Answer 20

-critical in establishing the emotional nature of odors
-allows us to enjoy some foods and reject others

Question 21

tip of the nose phenomenon

Answer 21

-familiar to an odor, but cannot recall its name, despite feeling as if he or she can

Question 22

odor and emotion

Answer 22

odors elicit emotions, both positive and negative

Question 23

odor and memory

Answer 23

some odors elicit specific memories

Question 24

odor and language

Answer 24

-disconnect between olfaction and language
-difficult to identify the names of certain odors, especially when these odorants are encountered in an unusual context

Question 25

odor imagery

Answer 25

-the ability to experience the "smell" of a particular odor when that odor is not physically present

Question 26

olfactory illusions

Answer 26

-illusions are situations in which what we perceive is not what is physically present

Question 27

tastings

Answer 27

-molecules recognized by taste receptors that induce responses in taste receptors on the tongue

Question 28

taste

Answer 28

-the perception of the transduction of tastings along the surface of the tongue

Question 29

flavor

Answer 29

-the combined sensory experience of a flood, which combines its taste, its odor, its effect on the trigéminas nerve, and even visual experience

Question 30

Basic tastes

Answer 30

-sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami

Question 31

taste buds

Answer 31

-small structures located along the surface of the tongue or mouth that contain the receptor cells

Question 32

papillae

Answer 32

-small structures that contain the taste buds

Question 33

fungiform

Answer 33

-located mostly along the edges and top of the tongue

Question 34

foliate

Answer 34

found along the side of the tongue

Question 35

circumvallate

Answer 35

-found along the very back of the tongue in a virtual row

Question 36

Fillform

Answer 36

-found all over -contain somatosensory receptors rather than taste buds

Question 37

taste receptor cells

Answer 37

cells within taste buds that transduce tastants into a neural signal

Question 38

receptor cells

Answer 38

transduce sweet tastes, umami tastes, and bitted taste

Question 39

presynaptic cells

Answer 39

-transduce salty and sour tastes -connected to cranial nerve fibers -transmit signal to brain

Question 40

Anterior Insular Cortex

Answer 40

a part of the frontal lobe that serves as the primary taste cortex

Question 41

tasters

Answer 41

people who can detect bitter compounds

Question 42

non tasters

Answer 42

people who cannot detect bitter compounds expect at very high concentration

Question 43

Supertasters

Answer 43

-people who are extremely sensitive to bitter tastes -they usually do not like foods with many bitter compounds -women are more likely -avoid bitter and spicy food