unit 3

Question 1

epidermis

Answer 1

the outer layer of the skin

Question 2

dermis

Answer 2

the inner layer of the skin, which also houses touch receptors

Question 3

mechanoreceptors

Answer 3

the sensory receptors in the skin that transduce physical movement on the skin into neural signals,, which are sent to the brain

Question 4

SA1

Answer 4

slow-adapting receptors using Merkel cells, with small receptive fields, densely packed near the surface of the skin
-finger position/stable grasp

Question 5

SA11

Answer 5

slow- adapting receptors using Ruffini endings, with large receptive fields, more widely distributed, deeper in the skin
-texture/pattern perception

Question 6

FA1

Answer 6

fast-adapting receptors, with Mesissner corpuscle endings and small receptive fields, densely packed near the surface of the skin
-detects slipping

Question 7

FA11

Answer 7

fast adapting receptors with Pacinian corpuscle endings and large receptive fields, more widely distributed, deeper in the skin
-detects when objects make contact with the skin

Question 8

Propioception

Answer 8

the perception of the movements and position of our limbs

Question 9

muscle spindles

Answer 9

receptors embedded in the muscles that sense information about muscle length and therefore muscle action

Question 10

joint receptors

Answer 10

receptors found in each joint that sense information about the angle of the joint

Question 11

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 11

receptors found in the tendons that measure the force of a muscle’s contraction

Question 12

alcohol and receptors

Answer 12

making it harder for our sensory receptors to give feedback on limb position

Question 13

thermoreception

Answer 13

ability to sense changes in temperature on the skin

Question 14

thermoreceptors

Answer 14

the sensory receptors in the skin that signal info about the temperature as measured on the skin

Question 15

nociceptive pain

Answer 15

pain that develops from tissue damage that causes nociceptors in the skin to fire

Question 16

nociceptors

Answer 16

sensory receptors in the skin that, when activated, causes us to feel pain; they’re found in both the epidermis and dermis

Question 17

A-delta fiber

Answer 17

myelinated nociceptors that conduct signals rapidly and respond to both heat and pressure
-stinging feeling of pain

Question 18

c-fibers

Answer 18

-nonmyelinated nociceptors that are slower and respond to pressure, extreme degrees of either heat or cold and toxic chemicals
-ex. more chronic experience of throbbing pain

Question 19

dorsal root ganglion

Answer 19

a node on the spine where 1 finds nerve cells carrying signals from sensory organs toward the somatosensory areas of the brain

Question 20

dorsal root

Answer 20

the end of the spinal nerve where sensory info enters the spinal cord

Question 21

ventral root

Answer 21

the end of the spinal cord where motor information leaves the spinal cord

Question 22

dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

Answer 22

-nerve fibers carrying neural signals for tactile perception and proprioception
-travels on the dorsal of the spin column

Question 23

the spinothalamic pathway

Answer 23

carries information from the nociceptors and the thermoreceptors

Question 24

somatosensory cortex

Answer 24

an area in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex devoted to processing the info coming from the skin senses

Question 25

homunculus

Answer 25

-a drawing of a human in which the proportions of the body parts match the relative sizes each body part has on the somatotopic map

Question 26

Gate Control Theory

Answer 26

• a model that allows for top-down control of the pain signal coming up the signal cord

Question 27

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Answer 27

-a region in the prefrontal lobe of the brain associated with the emotional experience of unpleasantness during pain perception
-input from the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices and responds to pain caused by pinches, pricks, and extreme temperature

Question 28

Endogenous Opioids

Answer 28

Chemicals produced by the body that reduce pain throughout the body

Question 29

Analgesia

Answer 29

processes that act to reduce pain perception

Question 30

Pruriceptors

Answer 30

receptors in our skin that respond to mild irritants by producing itch sensations
-respond mostly to chemical irritants on the skin rather than tissues damage

Question 31

haptic perception

Answer 31

-the active use of touch to identity objects

Question 32

Tactile Agnosia

Answer 32

-in inability to identify objects by touch
-caused by damage to the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobe