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APES > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Troposphere

A

Contains gases such as oxygen and nitrogen

Where greenhouse effect takes place
Where weather takes Place

Lowest layerb

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2
Q

Stratosphere

A

Contains ozone layer
Protects us from UV radiation
Second layer

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3
Q

What causes the equator to be more moist?

A

Hadley cells!

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4
Q

Earth layers

A

Crust - outer part
Lithosphere - solid outer layer of the mantle, includes crust
Asthenosphere - partly melted layer of mantle
Conception cells, circulation in the mantle and move the crust

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5
Q

Subduction zones

A

Convergent boundaries
One plate slides under another, usually the denser plate goes under the continental plate
Can form, trenches

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6
Q

Transform boundary

A

One plate sides past another opposite direction, causes earth quakes

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7
Q

Divergent boundaries

A

Two plates pull apart opposite directions, melted mantle fills in new space. Created valleys and ridges

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8
Q

What causes tsunamis

A

Earth plate movement (transform boundaries) in the ocean

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9
Q

Magnitude

A

The severity of an eartgquakes shaking side to side

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10
Q

Amplitude

A

The night of the seismic waves created by a quake

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11
Q

ENSO

A

Occurs when ocean temperatures in the east topical pacific are higher than normal

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12
Q

La Niña

A

Cooler temperatures instead

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13
Q

Sedimentary

A

Compacted prices of dead animals, closer to surface

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14
Q

Metamorphic

A

Reshaped by heat, pressure and chemical changes

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15
Q

Igneous

A

Formed from magma cooling

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16
Q

Parent material

A

Bedrock, low

17
Q

Weathering

A

Slow breaking down I’d parents material and upper layers of soul caused by climate etc

18
Q

Erosion

A

Movement of soil from one place to another often by wind and water

19
Q

Porosity (how big are the soil partifles

A

How quickly soil drains

Clay to silt to sand (fasted deianing)

20
Q

Soil texture triangle

A

BOOM very important

21
Q

Determine soil type

A

Take 10 cm of clay, silt, sand. Sand is 6 cm so 60%, silt is 3cm so 30% and clay 1cm, 10% now put it on the triangle and see!

22
Q

Testing porosity

A

The time it takes to drain, fast is high sand content, slow is clay content

23
Q

Soil horizon

A

O - organic matter
A - tip soil mixed with organic and minerals
E - where minerals have been leached are deposited
B subsoil mostly minerals
C - weathered soil
R - bedrock

24
Q

Soil horizons, acronym

A

Only Ants Eat Bread Crumbs Regularly

25
Q

Watersheds

A

All the land that drains to a particular stream, River, lake, or wetland

26
Q

Runoff

A

Water moving across the land into a body of water

27
Q

What’s the environmental problem of watersheds and fertilizer

A

The runoff leads into the place and drops off into a dead zone, the oxygen drains from the lake and algae grows (Mexican gulf and the Mississippi watershed

28
Q

Collision zones

A

Convergent boundary, causes mountains

29
Q

What happens with hot a cool air

A

Hot air rises cool air falls

30
Q

Tributaries

A

Streams that flow into other water

31
Q

Characteristics of watersheds (4)

A

Area: more area means more production
Length and slope: steeper slopes mean more erosion which is bad. But longer length means good enough erosion so the water is filtered
Soil: types of soil= amount of runoff
Cold water holds more oxygen

32
Q

How to determine healthy watersheds

A

Ample plant growth
Cold
Scattered algae
Clear wat

33
Q

List the atmosphere layers and they’re main temperature trends or significant features

A

Troposphere- weather temp decreases with height
Stratosphere - ozone layer temp increases with height
Mesosphere - temp decreased with height
Thermosohere- increases with height
Exosphere- temp increases still

34
Q

Describe air pressure and air density

A

Air pressure is the more you go down the more stuff is being weighted on you
Air density is how much stuff is packed into a space

35
Q

Insulation

A

Solar radiation reaching a given area m, the equator has the most radiation

36
Q

Direct and indirect sunlight

A

Direct: the sunlight is more concentrated near the equator
Indirect-near the piles is more diffused sunlight

APES (6 decks)

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