Unit 4 Flashcards
Troposphere
Contains gases such as oxygen and nitrogen
Where greenhouse effect takes place
Where weather takes Place
Lowest layerb
Stratosphere
Contains ozone layer
Protects us from UV radiation
Second layer
What causes the equator to be more moist?
Hadley cells!
Earth layers
Crust - outer part
Lithosphere - solid outer layer of the mantle, includes crust
Asthenosphere - partly melted layer of mantle
Conception cells, circulation in the mantle and move the crust
Subduction zones
Convergent boundaries
One plate slides under another, usually the denser plate goes under the continental plate
Can form, trenches
Transform boundary
One plate sides past another opposite direction, causes earth quakes
Divergent boundaries
Two plates pull apart opposite directions, melted mantle fills in new space. Created valleys and ridges
What causes tsunamis
Earth plate movement (transform boundaries) in the ocean
Magnitude
The severity of an eartgquakes shaking side to side
Amplitude
The night of the seismic waves created by a quake
ENSO
Occurs when ocean temperatures in the east topical pacific are higher than normal
La Niña
Cooler temperatures instead
Sedimentary
Compacted prices of dead animals, closer to surface
Metamorphic
Reshaped by heat, pressure and chemical changes
Igneous
Formed from magma cooling
Parent material
Bedrock, low
Weathering
Slow breaking down I’d parents material and upper layers of soul caused by climate etc
Erosion
Movement of soil from one place to another often by wind and water
Porosity (how big are the soil partifles
How quickly soil drains
Clay to silt to sand (fasted deianing)
Soil texture triangle
BOOM very important
Determine soil type
Take 10 cm of clay, silt, sand. Sand is 6 cm so 60%, silt is 3cm so 30% and clay 1cm, 10% now put it on the triangle and see!
Testing porosity
The time it takes to drain, fast is high sand content, slow is clay content
Soil horizon
O - organic matter
A - tip soil mixed with organic and minerals
E - where minerals have been leached are deposited
B subsoil mostly minerals
C - weathered soil
R - bedrock
Soil horizons, acronym
Only Ants Eat Bread Crumbs Regularly
Watersheds
All the land that drains to a particular stream, River, lake, or wetland
Runoff
Water moving across the land into a body of water
What’s the environmental problem of watersheds and fertilizer
The runoff leads into the place and drops off into a dead zone, the oxygen drains from the lake and algae grows (Mexican gulf and the Mississippi watershed
Collision zones
Convergent boundary, causes mountains
What happens with hot a cool air
Hot air rises cool air falls
Tributaries
Streams that flow into other water
Characteristics of watersheds (4)
Area: more area means more production
Length and slope: steeper slopes mean more erosion which is bad. But longer length means good enough erosion so the water is filtered
Soil: types of soil= amount of runoff
Cold water holds more oxygen
How to determine healthy watersheds
Ample plant growth
Cold
Scattered algae
Clear wat
List the atmosphere layers and they’re main temperature trends or significant features
Troposphere- weather temp decreases with height
Stratosphere - ozone layer temp increases with height
Mesosphere - temp decreased with height
Thermosohere- increases with height
Exosphere- temp increases still
Describe air pressure and air density
Air pressure is the more you go down the more stuff is being weighted on you
Air density is how much stuff is packed into a space
Insulation
Solar radiation reaching a given area m, the equator has the most radiation
Direct and indirect sunlight
Direct: the sunlight is more concentrated near the equator
Indirect-near the piles is more diffused sunlight
