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human geography > unit 4 > Flashcards

unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

country

A

used to describe any political entity that is independent from the control of any other entity

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2
Q

state

A

the largest political unit, formal term for a country
- has a defined boundary
- contains a permanent population
- maintains sovereignty
- is recognized by other states

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3
Q

sovereignty

A

the power of a political unit or government to rule over its own affairs

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4
Q

nation

A

a group of people who have a common cultural heritage, set of beliefs/values, a traditional way to claim homeland, establishing their own state/self rule (Kurds, Catalan, Scots)

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5
Q

nation-state

A

a nation of people who fit qualifications for a state (Japan, Iceland, Denmark)

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6
Q

multinational-state

A

a country with multiple nations, one dominant controlling political powers, and smaller nations (Canada, USA)

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7
Q

autonomous region

A

a defined area within a state with a lot of self-government and freedom from parent state

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8
Q

semiautonomous region

A

autonomous region with a few more restrictions

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9
Q

stateless nation

A

a cultural group that has no independent political entity (Navajo)

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10
Q

multistate nation

A

when a nation has a state of its own, but its people stretch across borders of other states

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11
Q

centrifugal forces

A

divides the people of a country
- regionalism
-underrepresentation and lack of political control
-uneven development (rich and poor)

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12
Q

centripetal forces

A

unite a country’s population

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13
Q

regionalism

A

when loyalty to a distinct portion of a country is more important than loyalty to the entire country

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14
Q

ethnonationalism

A

support for the political interests of an ethnic group within a state (national independence or self determination)

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15
Q

nationalism

A

strong feelings of patriotism and loyalty felt towards one’s country

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16
Q

antecedent boundary

A

borders have been established since before there has been major settlement by people in a territory (Malaysia and Indonesia)

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17
Q

subsequent boundary

A

borders that are drawn in areas taking different cultures into account and follows a natural dividing line between the groups (China, Vietnam)

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18
Q

consequent boundary

A

borders that are drawn in areas taking different cultures into account and seeks to separate groups to resolve conflicts (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh)

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19
Q

superimposed boundary

A

a boundary line placed over and ignoring an existing cultural pattern (Africa)

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20
Q

geometric boundary

A

political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc; artificial boundary (US Canada)

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21
Q

relic boundary

A

a former boundary line that is still discernable and marked by some sultural landscape feature, like a fence (US Mexico)

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22
Q

frontier

A

where very few people live and little to no boundaries are enforced

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23
Q

definition of a boundary

A

writing out a treaty in words

24
Q

delimitation

A

drawing boundary lines on a map

25
Q

demarcation

A

placing an indication on earth

26
Q

definitional dispute

A

two parties fight over how to interpret the legal language in the agreement

27
Q

locational dispute

A

dispute over where it should be; delimitation

28
Q

operational dispute

A

how a border should be inforced, who should control border patrol

29
Q

allocational dispute

A

fighting over who gets the natural resources

30
Q

UNCLOS

A

United Nations Convention Law of Sea
-territorial waters: 12 nautical miles from shore
-exclusive economic zone: 200 nautical miles from shore
-international water: after 200 miles

31
Q

shatterbelt

A

instability within a region that is geographically located between two states with overlapping territory & political power

32
Q

territoriality

A

the control & influence over a specific geographical space in aspects of cultural links, government, economics, boundaries, sovereignty, military

33
Q

political power

A

control over people, land & resources

34
Q

neocolonialism

A

use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to influence other countries

35
Q

chokepoints

A

a strategic strait/ canal that’s narrow and has competition for use

36
Q

early colonialism

A

spain, portugal, france and britian in 1400s-1700s
wanting religious influence, economic wealth, political power

37
Q

later colonialism

A

all other european countries (main four stepped back) in 19th century
controlling asia and africa
competition for resources and new markets

38
Q

berlin conference

A

1884-1885
aka congo conference
meeting in berlin to define borders in africa

39
Q

modern colonial independence movements

A

colonized people resisting european rule
1960-1970: 32 african nations won independence
to have self-determination, sovereignty, statehood and equality (with help from UN)
lead to civil war and neocolonialism

40
Q

civil war in developing world

A

in former colonies
1994: rwanda genocide
caused from superimposed boundaries
spilled and affected neighboring countries (keeps africa politically unstable and poor)

41
Q

cold war

A

1945-1990 political conflict between us and ussr mostly nonmilitary conflict for global dominance
satellite states from ussr
mutual projection
created proxy wars, nuclear races/annihilation
third world countries having to choose sides

42
Q

collapse of communism

A

us and western allies won the cold war
1989 - berlin wall was taken down
1991 - soviet union collapsed
15 independent states
balkanization
velvet divorce
stopping satellite states

43
Q

federal state

A

unites separate political entities into an overarching system that allows each entity to maintain some degree of sovereignty
has the ability to focus on local and regional problems

44
Q

unitary state

A

most/all governing power is held by national government
overlooked minorities

45
Q

annexation

A

the process of legally adding territory to a state

46
Q

ethnic separatism

A

advocacy for full political separatism from larger groups along cultural, ethnic or tribal lines

47
Q

ethnic cleansing

A

policy made by one ethnic group to remove another ethnic group by means of violence or terror-inspiring means

48
Q

terrorism

A

organized violence towards government to create fear for advancement of political goals

49
Q

irredentism

A

a movement to unite people who share a language or other culture but are divided by a national government

50
Q

subnationalism

A

people who have a primary allegiance to a traditional group or ethnicity

51
Q

impact for globalization on state sovereignty

A

new economic networks
easier trades in goods
easier traveling
social media

52
Q

supranationalism

A

multiple countries forming an organization for the benefit of all members
United Nations, NATO, European Union, USMCA, ASEAN, AC, AU

53
Q

democratization

A

the transition from 1 ruler with absolute power (autocratic) to more representative forms of politics

54
Q

race

A

category based on appearance (color) they can be ascribed categories based on what others see

55
Q

ethnicity

A

ethnic group(s) someone belongs to,based on heritage and ancestry

56
Q

nationality

A

the country where they hold citizenship can change with immigration, dual citizenship or no citizenship

human geography (4 decks)

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