Unit 4 Flashcards
What is language used for?
- share complex ideas
- it is open ended
- researches believe only humans have language
What is communication used for?
- only to correspond to a specific number of messages
- can’t be combined into more complex ideas
Anthropological linguist
- used to study the language from a evolutionary perspective
evolution of language
- Great Apes had GESTURES
- only HOMO SAPIENS had all the requirements
what are the requirements to achieve speech?
- Larynx
- Broca area
- Brain growth
What is the BROCA AREA?
- controls speech
- located in the frontal lobe
REPETITION (body language)
- repeating the meaning of the verbal communication
- assisting the receiver by reinforcing the words of the sender
- nodding yes to emphasize agreement
CONTRADITCTION (body language)
- may indicate you are not telling the truth
- saying “yes” but shaking head in disagreement
SUBSTITUTION (body language)
- nonverbal
- used to replace communication altogether
pointing at an object to show where it is
COMPLEMENTING (body language)
- used in COMBINATION with a PORTION of a message to emphaize the meaning
ACCENTING (body language)
- emphasize a word or a part of message NONVERBAL
miscommunication in JAPAN
- it is considered RUDE to look someone in the eyes
miscommunication in PARAGUAY
- winking is done as a sign of ROMANTIC interest
miscommunication in INDIA
- showing your SHOES or feet can OFFEND people.
miscommunication in IRAN
- thumbs up is considered rude, in canada it means good work.
define APHASIA
- brain injury that affects the ability to say WORDS
WERNICKE’S AREA
lobe of the brain that impacts our ability to UNDERSTAND speech
RECEPTIVE language
the ability to understand what is SAID
PRODUCTIVE language
the ability to SAY/CREATE words
BABBLING
series of meaningless sounds
TELEGRAPHIC SENTENCES
words that are not important are LEFT OUT (I saw cat)
OVERGENERALIZATION
when a rule of speech is applied to all circumstances (I runned)
PRINCIPLES AND PARAMETERS
all languages share certain grammatical principles
RECURSION
only SHARED PRINCIPLE.
was later disproven after founding language called Piraha.
ACTIVE language:
speaking & writing
PASSIVE language:
listening & reading
COMPOUND BILINGUAL:
learning two languages SIMULTANEOUSLY, with a single set of concepts as person begins two process the world around them
COORDINATE BILINGUAL:
learning one in SCHOOL, while continuing to speak the other at HOME
SUBORDINATE BILINGUAL:
learning a secondary language FILTERING through a primary one.
how many hemispheres do CHILDREN vs ADULTS use when learning a second language
- children TWO
- adults PREDOMINANTLY ONE
BENEFITS OF BILINGUALISM
- higher density of gray matter
- delays onset diseases
- brain is more healthy, complex, actively engaged
ANDROCENTRIC LANGUAGE
use of masculine to refer to ALL people
AAVE defined by linguists:
not a dialect of english, but its OWN LANGUAGE.
AAVE defined by politicians
thought AAVE would be taught INSTEAD of standard english in ALL schools.
how is it USED in oakland
AAVE is the basis to teach STANDARD ENGLISH, to meet students where they are.
