Human Behaviour Flashcards
What are behavioural adjustments?
cultural responses to environmental stresses such as climate and changing environments that could influence food sources.
EX: building shelters and wearing appropriate clothing
What are acclimation adjustments?
How the human body adapts to climate change.
EX: increase in basal metabolic rate in cold regions
What is NATURE in nature vs nurture?
When psychologists believe that heredity/genetics has a direct impact on behaviour, personality traits and a person’s potential
What is NURTURE in nature vs nurture?
When psychologists believe that environmental factors have a direct impact on one’s behaviour, personality and potential.
what does TABULA RASA mean?
the mind is a blank state. everything is determined by our experience (behaviourism)`
what is EPIGENETICS?
external factors influence gene behaviour by turning gene markers on & off without changing the genes themselves.
- can occur before birth & be passed down from generation to generation.
what are the AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION?
Family (primary)
Media, peers, school (secondary)
what is CULTURAL CAPITAL?
non financial assets that help people succeed in the world – learning from family
HIDDEN CURRICULUM IN SCHOOL
the norms, values and beliefs that are passed along through schooling/
what is RACE SOCIALIZATION?
the process through which children learn the behaviours, values and attitudes associated with RACIAL GROUPS.
- preparation for bias, promotion of mistrust, cultural socializatioin
what is CLASS SOCIALIZATION?
it teaches the norms, values and traits you develop based on which SOCIAL CLASS you’re in.
It can influence one’s opportunities and decisions in life.
what is GENDER SOCIALIZATION?
teaches the norms, values, traits and behaviours you develop based on one’s SEX.
it can have an impact on one’s attitudes, behaviours, and life chances.
what is ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION?
the process where people learn to take on values of groups they PLAN to join.
what is a TOTAL INSTITUTION?
closed social systems that control ALL aspects of one’s life. they aim to RESOCIALIZATION.
What was FREUD’s theory?
ID - “I want” - necessary for survival
EGO - “I will” - balances the id & superego
SUPEREGO - “I should” (cultural values/norms)
what did PIAGET believe?
SENSIRMOTOR - learn through 5 senses
PREOPERATIONAL - use of roleplay, imagination
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL - tiral & error, first-hand experience.
FORMAL OPERATIONAL - abstract ways of thinking, other perspectives
what did KOHLBERG believe?
PRECONVENTIONAL - based on what they feel personally ( punishment & reward ), parent is the authority
CONVENTIONAL - based on what society and people around them tells them is right ( social approval & the law)
POSTCONVENTIONAL - based on abstract ethical concepts ( morality )
what did GILLIGAN believe?
JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE - emphasize formal rules to define right and wrong ( mostly MEN )
CARE & RESPONSABILITY - emphasize the role of interpersonal reasoning in moral decisions ( mostly WOMEN )
what did MEAD believe?
PREPATORY/IMITATION - children watches others and try to MIMIC them
PLAY - children take on the role of the person they have been watching, THEIR PERSPECTIVE
GAME - children take on MULTIPLE roles in a SINGLE situation.
STYLES OF PARENTING: AUTHORITARIAN
controlling, strict discipline & punishiment for not following rules, high expectations with little flexibility
STYLES OF PARENTING: AUTHORATIVE
both strict and warm, rules and expectations are clearly stated and justified. open communication
STAGES OF PARENTING: PERMISSIVE
caring, not strict with rules; friendly parent-child relationship. children take on decisions instead of following rules
STAGES OF PARENTING: UNINVOLVED
neglectful; neither strict or warm, no specific discipline strategy. no communication or expectations
what is LATENT VULNERABILITY?
early abusive experiences with carers put children at greater risk of experiencing mental health problems in future.
what is SOCIAL THINNING?
loss of social support due to loss of friendships & opportunities for friendships to grow. based on behaviour caused by TRAUMA
what is INTERGENERATIONAL TRAUMA?
repeating a cycle of gen. trauma; burden of breaking the cycle; biological changes to DNA; addiction & mental health issues.
