unit 4 Flashcards
agency
the ability to act and think independently of social constraints
counterculture
Cases in which one group in a society espouses rules, values, or beliefs that conflict with the mainstream culture.
cultural capital
A type of capital related to education, style, appearance, and dress that promotes social mobility.
cultural relativism
The idea that cultures cannot be ranked as better or worse than others.
cultural universals
Cultural practices that exist in most or all societies, such as social structures, tool making, art, song, dance, religious beliefs, rituals, families, a division of labor, and politics.
folkways
rules of behavior for common and routine interactions
generalized other
Our perceptions of the attitudes of a whole community.
high culture
the culture of elites
material cultures
Consists of artifacts ranging from tools to products designed for leisure. Reflects the values and beliefs of the people who live in a culture.
mores
Widely held beliefs about what is considered moral and just behavior in society.
multiculturalism
The ideal of multiculturalism is that people respect differing cultures in a society and honor their unique contributions to a larger, “umbrella” culture that incorporates multiple subcultures.
nonmaterial culture
Concepts such as norms, values, beliefs, symbols, and language.
Sapir-whorf hypothesis
Also known as linguistic relativism, notes that language influences our understanding of reality above and beyond the meaning of its symbols.
social intelligence
our ability to understand social relationships and get along with others
subcultures
cultural groups that exist within another larger culture
